NK Cell Subset Redistribution and Antibody Dependent Activation after Ebola Vaccination in Africans

Wagstaffe, Helen R; Anzala, Omu; Kibuuka, Hannah; Anywaine, Zacchaeus; Sirima, Sodiomon B.; Thiébaut, Rodolphe; Richert, Laura; Lévy, Yves; Lacabaratz, Christine; Bockstal, Viki; Lühn, Kerstin; Douoguih, Macaya; Goodier, Martin R.

doi:10.3390/vaccines10060884

“…In vitro stimulation/inhibition studies using EBOV GP indicated that NK cell activation was dependent on IL-18 and IL-12 and could be enhanced by an antagonist that blocked the IL-10 receptor 107 . Two NK cell activation markers, CD107a and CD25, were observed to be upregulated in response to EBOV GP but without secretion of type II IFNγ usually synthesised by both NK and T cells 108 . Simultaneously the EBOV VP40 protein subunit domain was found to stimulate IL-12/IL-18 production 109 .…”

Section: Natural Killer Cells During Immune Responses To Ebola Virusmentioning

confidence: 95%

Filoviridae: Insights into Immune Responses to Ebolavirus

Brown

2023

Preprint

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Ebola virus is a zoonotic virus comprised of 6 different species designated within the family Filoviridae and genus Ebolavirus. The first recorded outbreak of an Ebola virus (EBOV) was in Yambuku, Zaire (ZEBOV) in 1976, followed by Sudan Ebola virus (SUBOV) later that year. Outbreaks have been increasing throughout the 21st century, and mortality rates can reach up to 90%. Such extraordinary virulence is evidenced with few pathogens, similarly with Marburg virus (MARV) that originated in Uganda and was first detected in Germany in 1967. The virulent nature of filovirus disease has established these related viruses as a formidable global concern. There are currently four types of Ebolaviridae species known to infect humans, with two more recently identified in other animals that are genomically different with respect to cellular pathogenesis or aetiology of disease. Recent advances into understanding the pathogenesis of filovirus disease infections have been remarkable, yet the immunological response to filovirus infection remains unknown. Scientific analysis of cellular mechanisms can provide insight into virulence factors utilised by other pathogenic viruses that also cause febrile illness with occasional haemorrhagic fever in humans. In this review, we aim to provide a brief summary of EBOV proteins and the role of innate and adaptive immune cells known since 2000. We will consider the relevance and implications of immunological proteins measured by CD marker, alongside cytokine, chemokine and other biologically relevant pathways, as well as genetic research. Thorough understanding of immunological correlates affecting host responses to Ebola viruses will facilitate both clinical and applied research knowledge, contributing towards protection against potential public health threats.

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“…In vitro stimulation/inhibition studies using EBOV GP indicated that NK cell activation was dependant on IL-18 and IL-12 and could be enhanced by an antagonist that blocked the IL-10 receptor 107 . Two NK cell activation markers, CD107a and CD25, were observed to be upregulated in response to EBOV GP but without secretion of type II IFNγ usually synthesised by both NK and T cells 108 . Simultaneously the EBOV VP40 protein sub-unit domain was found to stimulate IL-12/IL-18 production 109 .…”

Section: Natural Killer Cells During Immune Responses To Ebola Virusmentioning

confidence: 95%

Filoviridae: Insights into Immune Responses to Ebolavirus

Brown¹

2023

Preprint

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ebola virus is a zoonotic virus comprised of 6 different species designated within the family Filoviridae and genus Ebolavirus. The first recorded outbreak of an Ebola virus (EBOV) was in Yambuku, Zaire (ZEBOV) in 1976, followed by Sudan Ebola virus (SUBOV) later that year. Outbreaks have been increasing throughout the 21st century, and mortality rates can reach up to 90%. Such extraordinary virulence is evidenced with few pathogens, similarly with Marburg virus (MARV) that originated in Uganda and was first detected in Germany in 1967. The virulent nature of filovirus disease has established these related viruses as a formidable global concern. There are currently four types of Ebolaviridae species known to infect humans, with two more recently identified in other animals that are genomically different with respect to cellular pathogenesis or aetiology of disease. Recent advances into understanding the pathogenesis of filovirus disease infections have been remarkable, yet the immunological response to filovirus infection remains unknown. Scientific analysis of cellular mechanisms can provide insight into virulence factors utilised by other pathogenic viruses that also cause febrile illness with occasional haemorrhagic fever in humans. In this review, we aim to provide a brief summary of EBOV proteins and the role of innate and adaptive immune cells known since 2000. We will consider the relevance and implications of immunological proteins measured by CD marker, alongside cytokine, chemokine and other biologically relevant pathways, as well as genetic research. Thorough understanding of immunological correlates affecting host responses to Ebola viruses will facilitate both clinical and applied research knowledge, contributing towards protection against potential public health threats.

show abstract