Nivolumab treatment for metastatic thymic epithelial tumors

Ak, Naziye; Aydıner, Adnan

doi:10.1177/1078155220968150

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ak et al explored their experience with nivolumab for metastatic thymic epithelial tumors [ 13 ]. Among the 46 unresectable and recurrent thymic epithelial tumors (32 thymoma and 14 TC), 8 (3 TC, 4 thymoma, and one mixed histology of thymoma and TC) received nivolumab.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Thymic Carcinoma

Kaira

Imai

Kagamu

2021

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm with a dismal prognosis, and there are no established therapeutic regimens for metastatic or recurrent disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, are widely approved in several human cancers, contributing to prolonging survival in thoracic tumors. Thymic carcinoma exhibits histologic properties of squamous cell carcinoma (SQC), and resembles the SQC of the lung. ICIs are not approved in thymic carcinoma. Thus, several clinical trials have been undertaken to demonstrate if they are therapeutically effective for patients with thymic carcinoma. In our review, three prospective phase II studies and several case series were discussed in thymic carcinoma. We found that the objective response rate, disease control rate, and progression-free survival in PD-1 blockade monotherapy were approximately 20%, 73%, and four months, respectively. Two exploratory investigations indicated that PD-L1 within tumor cells exhibits a possibility of the therapeutic prediction of PD-1 blockade in thymic carcinoma. Several case reports, alongside their treatment content, have also been reviewed. The therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 blockade monotherapy is still limited in patients with thymic carcinoma. Future perspectives focus on the therapeutic implication of tyrokinase inhibitors plus ICIs or new experimental agents plus ICIs alongside several ongoing experimental studies.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Thymic Carcinoma

Kaira

Imai

Kagamu

2021

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…12 The occurrence of severe irAEs has been linked with nivolumab treatment, even after a single dose, with some conditions persisting even after the cessation of therapy. 13 Further studies 14,15 reported higher grade irAEs, including myocarditis and myasthenia gravis, in thymoma patients than in patients with other cancer types. One report 10 recommended a regimen involving a half-dose of immunotherapy drug to achieve remission of the tumor, whilst incurring only mild irAEs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in advanced thymoma patients

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Immunotherapy has exhibited efficacy in thymic carcinoma patients; however, there are insufficient data to confirm this efficacy in thymoma. The toxicity of immunotherapy also remains to be determined. Methods The efficacy and safety of immunotherapy were analyzed in 11 thymoma patients who received PD‐1 inhibitors according to a range of relevant indexes including the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and immunotherapy‐related adverse events. Results The PFS and OS rates for all patients were 12.8 and 56.5 months, respectively. No difference in efficacy was detected between monotherapy and combination therapy (PFS: 12.8 vs 2.2 months, P = 0.787; OS: 73.8 vs 56.5 months, P = 0.367). The ORRs and DCRs for all patients were 27.3% and 90.9%, respectively. The incidence of adverse events was 45.5% among the 11 thymoma patients, including immune‐related myocarditis (36.4%), immune‐related liver damage (18.2%), and myasthenia gravis (18.2%). In the whole cohort of patients, the rate of adverse events of grade 3 or higher was 36.4%. The rates of adverse events of grade 3 or 4 in B3‐type and non‐B3‐type thymoma patients were 0% and 62.5%, respectively. Conclusions Immunotherapy elicited a response in thymoma patients; however, more attention should be paid to the immune‐related adverse events.

show abstract

“…The disease control rate (DCR) was 73%, the mPFS was 3.8 months and the mOS was 14.1 months, while the toxicity profile was manageable ( 29 ). Ak and Aydiner retrospectively tested the efficacy of nivolumab at four TMs, three TCs, and one mixed histology ( 30 ). Two patients' evaluation of best response was not applicable.…”

Section: Immunotherapy In Tetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The median follow-up time was 16.1 months. The mPFS and mOS were 6.5 months and 7.4 months, respectively ( 30 ).…”

Section: Immunotherapy In Tetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging therapies in thymic epithelial tumors (Review)

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), including thymomas and thymic carcinomas, are rare malignancies arising from the thymus gland. The optimal management requires a multidisciplinary approach. Standard first-line systemic treatment involves cytotoxic chemotherapeutic regimens; however, alternative options for systemic treatment are required. Current research focuses on the unique profile of immune-related pathogenic mechanisms of TETs, involving an overlap with certain autoimmune phenotypes, as well as on determining the landscape of oncogenic molecular alterations and the role of tumor angiogenesis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current clinical investigation on immunotherapy and targeted agents in the management of TETs. Regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors, efficacy results are promising in certain subsets of patients; however, caution is required concerning their toxicity. Anti-angiogenic agents, mainly potent small-molecule inhibitors, have demonstrated antitumor activity in TETs, whereas other targeted agents, including KIT inhibitors and epigenetic agents, are associated with encouraging, yet still modest results for unselected populations, in the absence of predictive biomarkers. Future research should focus on identifying predictive biomarkers for patients with TETs, and should implement multicenter collaborations and appropriate clinical trials tailored for rare tumor types. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Immunotherapy in TETs 3. Targeted agents in TETs 4. Discussion 5. Conclusions

show abstract

Nivolumab treatment for metastatic thymic epithelial tumors

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Perspective of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Thymic Carcinoma

Perspective of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Thymic Carcinoma

Analysis of the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in advanced thymoma patients

Emerging therapies in thymic epithelial tumors (Review)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About