Nivolumab for Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oro‐Ayude, Marcos; Suh‐Oh, Hae Jin; Sacristán-Santos, Victor; Vázquez-Bartolomé, Patricia; Flórez, Ángeles

doi:10.1159/000505478

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The other ICIs, such as nivolumab and ipilimumab, have also been studied in clinical trials and have proved their efficacy in monotherapy in some case reports [34][35][36]. The greatest advantages of immune checkpoint blockers have been impressive durable response rates and manageable treatment-related adverse events compared with conventional therapies [37].…”

Section: Immunotherapy In Csccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming Resistance to Immunotherapy in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

García-Sancha

Corchado-Cobos

Bellido-Hernández

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans, and is now responsible for as many deaths as melanoma. Immunotherapy has changed the therapeutic landscape of advanced CSCC after the FDA approval of anti-PD1 molecules for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic CSCC. However, roughly 50% of patients will not respond to this systemic treatment and even those who do respond can develop resistance over time. The etiologies of primary and secondary resistance to immunotherapy involve changes in the neoplastic cells and the tumor microenvironment. Indirect modulation of immune system activation with new therapies, such as vaccines, oncolytic viruses, and new immunotherapeutic agents, and direct modulation of tumor immunogenicity using other systemic treatments or radiotherapy are now under evaluation in combined regimens. The identification of predictors of response is an important area of research. In this review, we focus on the features associated with the response to immunotherapy, and the evaluation of combination treatments and new molecules, a more thorough knowledge of which is likely to improve the survival of patients with advanced CSCC.

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Section: Immunotherapy In Csccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming Resistance to Immunotherapy in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

García-Sancha

Corchado-Cobos

Bellido-Hernández

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…The response rates to cemiplimab are high, ranging between 40 and 50%, but the complete response rates were 0–7%. 11 Nevertheless, several previous reports confirm the activity of nivolumab against skin cancer 12–14 . As previous exposure to radiotherapy seems to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy, anti PD-1 therapy for irradiated cSCC-HN may be strongly effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma of the head-neck area refractory to chemo-radiotherapy: benefit from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy

et al. 2021

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Objective: Radiotherapy provides excellent results in locally advanced cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck area (cSCC-HN), with a 2-year local progression-free interval obtained for about 80% of patients. Overexpression of immune checkpoint co-inhibitory molecules, like PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1), by cancer cells may define local immunosuppression, tumour escape from immune surveillance and reduced radiotherapy efficacy. Methods: A 65-year-old female, with a large exophytic cSCC-HN invading adjacent soft tissues, was treated with hypofractionated accelerated chemo-radiotherapy. The patient received four bi-weekly cycles of chemotherapy concurrently with eight fractions of 5.5 Gy (two fractions per week). Two months after the end of chemo-radiotherapy, the tumour was stable in dimensions, without any signs of symptomatic relief. The patient was, after that, treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (nivolumab). The tumour gradually regressed, reaching partial response after four cycles and complete response after 16 cycles of nivolumab. No side-effects related to immunotherapy were recorded. The patient is alive and without evidence of disease 28 months after radiotherapy. Conclusions: Treatment of patients with chemo- and radio-resistant cSCC-HN with immunotherapy may optimize the efficacy of radiotherapy by stimulating immunological tumour rejection mechanisms. cSCC-HN patients who fail to respond to chemo-radiotherapy completely are expected to benefit the most from immunotherapy because of the radio-vaccination effect expected from the preceded radiotherapy.

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“…Nivolumab and ipilimumab are two immune checkpoint inhibitors acting by blocking PD1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), respectively. Even if these drugs are currently approved for melanoma [54,55], in the literature there are only a few cases reporting their use in cSCC and/or BCC [56][57][58][59]. However, several multicenter trials evaluating their efficacy in treating advanced BCC and SCC are ongoing [60][61][62][63][64].…”

Section: Nivolumab and Ipilimumabmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Emerging Treatment Options for Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

et al. 2022

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Non-melanoma skin cancers, also known as keratinocyte tumors, have an increasing incidence worldwide, with basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma being the most represented ones. Although surgery represents the gold-standard treatment for both tumors, some cases can progress to an advanced or a metastatic state and targeted therapy is required. Hedgehog signaling pathway has an important role in the development of basal cell carcinoma, and its inhibition is the key to new treatment options available for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most frequent malignant skin cancer; when presenting in advanced or metastatic stage, alternative treatments are required; cemiplimab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against programmed cell death-1 receptor that acts by blocking T-cell inactivation and is the first drug approved for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic or locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Studies evaluating pembrolizumab, ipilimumab and nivolumab as alternative treatments for advanced squamous cell carcinoma are still underway. Objective of this review is to analyze and discuss the novel therapies for advanced basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma to obtain a sharper perspective of the available treatment options.

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Nivolumab for Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Overcoming Resistance to Immunotherapy in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Overcoming Resistance to Immunotherapy in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma of the head-neck area refractory to chemo-radiotherapy: benefit from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy

New Emerging Treatment Options for Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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