Nitroxide-mediated polymerisation of thioacrylates and their transformation into poly(acrylamide)s

Aksakal, Suzan; Liu, Renjie; Aksakal, Resat; Becer, C. Remzi

doi:10.1039/c9py01129c

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We will discuss the cloud points of the polymers later. According to the literature, the polymer chain remains intact under the side-chain ester to amide transformation. , Furthermore, we started with very low Mw PAA (2000 g/mol), which is within the window for an optimum chain length for KHI polymers. If there had been significant polymer degradation, the chain length would have decreased to a level that shows a very poor KHI effect (usually <ca.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent research has showed that it is possible to make poly(acrylamide)s from poly(thioacrylate)s via an amidation reaction . The authors obtained full amidation conversion of poly( N -benzyl acrylamide) and poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) from poly(ethyl thioacrylate) reacted with benzylamine and isopropylamine after 48 h.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Simple and Direct Route to High-Performance Acrylamido-Based Kinetic Gas Hydrate Inhibitors from Poly(acrylic acid)

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(Meth)acrylamido-based polymers are used commercially in kinetic hydrate inhibitor formulations to prevent gas hydrate formation in upstream oil and gas flow lines. The monomers used to make these polymers are relatively expensive. We have now synthesized a series of acrylamido-based polymers directly from low molecular weight poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in a high-yield process, avoiding the use of expensive monomers. Cloud points of the polymers made from PAA were similar to the homopolymers made from the acrylamido monomers, indicating a good conversion from the acid to the amide group. Slow constant-cooling KHI screening tests were carried out on the new polymers in a series of steel rocking cells using a structure II-forming natural gas mixture. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(N-(n-propyl) acrylamide), and polyacryloylpyrrolidine prepared directly from PAA all gave an excellent KHI performance, comparable to the homopolymers made from the acrylamido monomers. This direct synthesis method also allows for a very controlled comparison of the activity of the acrylamido functional groups because every polymer can be derived from the same PAA starting material. Thus, the number of monomer units in each homopolymer is kept constant. Conversion of the poly(methacrylic acid) or poly(methyl methacrylate) by the reaction with amines to give the methacrylamido polymers was not successful, probably due to the steric effect of the backbone methyl groups.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple and Direct Route to High-Performance Acrylamido-Based Kinetic Gas Hydrate Inhibitors from Poly(acrylic acid)

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kişisel harcama vergisinin artan oranlı uygulanması ve vergi ödeme gücüne ulaşabilmek için her türlü indirim ve istisna uygulamasına olanak tanıması, enflasyonla mücadelede de etkili bir biçimde kullanılabilmesini sağlamaktadır 38 . Buna istinaden, tasarrufları teşvik eden ve harcamaları yüksek oranda vergileyerek sınırlayan yapısıyla, kişisel harcama vergisi talepten kaynaklanan enflasyonu doğrudan kontrol altında tutan etkin bir vergileme aracı olarak kullanılabilmektedir 39 .…”

Section: Cki̇şi̇sel Harcama Vergi̇si̇ni̇n Ekonomi̇k İsti̇krar üZeri̇ndeki̇ Etki̇leri̇unclassified

Ki̇şi̇sel Harcama Vergi̇si̇ Ve Anali̇zi̇

Değerli¹,

Özcan²

2019

Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ÖZ Devletlerin kamusal ihtiyaçları karşılayabilmeleri için vergi tahsilatı önemli bir husustur. Küresel vergi rekabeti, ülkeleri küresel mali gerçeklere uymaya ve vergi yapılarında reforma gitmeye zorlamaktadır. Vergilemenin temel amacı, temel vergileme ilkeleri ile tanımlanan hedeflere ulaşmak olsa da, dönemler ve ülker açısından vergi reformlarının öncelikleri değişmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar, gelir vergisinin performansında düşüşler olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum devletlerin en etkin ve verimli vergi tahsilatını yapabilecekleri çeşitli alternatif yollar aramasına neden olmuştur. Bu alternatiflerden biri Kişisel Harcama Vergisi'dir. Kişisel harcama vergisi, bireylerin dönemsel harcamalarının toplamı üzerinden alınan dolaysız bir vergidir ve başkasına yansıtılamamaktadır. Dolayısıyla vergiyi ödeyen kimse aynı zamanda verginin yükümlüsüdür. Bu özelliği sayesinde, vergilemenin mali, ekonomik ve sosyal amaçlarının gerçekleştirilmesine hizmet edebilecek nitelikte bir vergi türüdür. Bu çalışmada, Kaldor tarafından önerilen dolaysız bir vergi türü olan Kişisel Harcama Vergisinin teorik yapısı, işleyiş ve esasları incelenmiş ve etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Kişisel Harcama Vergisinin uygulanacağı ülkelerde başarılı olabilmesi için, çalışmada bahsi geçen bir takım altyapıların olması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Anahtar kelimeler: Gelir Vergisi, Harcama Vergisi, Nicholas Kaldor PERSONAL EXPENDITURE TAX AND ITS ANALYSIS ABSTRACT Tax collection is an important issue to ensure that governments provide public needs. Global tax competition compels countries to comply with global financial facts and to reform their tax structures. Although the fundamental purpose of taxation is to achieve the goals defined with essential taxation principles, the priorities of each tax reform are set according to current economic conditions of countries and terms. Research revealed that there is a decline in the performance of the income tax. This situation has led states to look for

show abstract

“…Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization (RDRP) methods, including atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), 1,2 single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP), 3,4 reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT) 5,6 and nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) [7][8][9] have provided access to an increasing range of well-dened materials with sophisticated architectures, various functionalities and controlled (macro)molecular characteristics. [10][11][12] Until recently, a notable hindrance for their development has been oxygen intolerance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapidly self-deoxygenating controlled radical polymerization in water via in situ disproportionation of Cu(i)

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Nitroxide-mediated polymerisation of thioacrylates and their transformation into poly(acrylamide)s

Abstract: Nitroxide mediated polymers of thioacrylates can be transformed into poly(acrylamide)s.

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

A Simple and Direct Route to High-Performance Acrylamido-Based Kinetic Gas Hydrate Inhibitors from Poly(acrylic acid)

A Simple and Direct Route to High-Performance Acrylamido-Based Kinetic Gas Hydrate Inhibitors from Poly(acrylic acid)

Ki̇şi̇sel Harcama Vergi̇si̇ Ve Anali̇zi̇

Rapidly self-deoxygenating controlled radical polymerization in water via in situ disproportionation of Cu(i)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About