Nitrogen-doped graphene and graphene quantum dots: A review onsynthesis and applications in energy, sensors and environment

Kaur, Manpreet; Kaur, Manmeet; Sharma, Virender K.

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2018.07.001

Cited by 328 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Currently, the chemical doping of graphene is an active area of research which continues to grow very quickly. Doping graphene with heteroatoms such as nitrogen [4,5], boron [6,7], sulfur [8,9] or halogens [10,11] can adjust the electronic and electrochemical properties of the material leading to enhanced performances. Among the heteroatoms, nitrogen has drawn a lot of attention due to the significantly improved properties of the N-graphene as part of fuel cells [12], lithium ion batteries [13], supercapacitors [14] or advanced catalyst support [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene: The Influence of Doping Level on the Charge-Transfer Resistance and Apparent Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rate

Coroș

Varodi

Pogăcean

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Three nitrogen-doped graphene samples were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using urea as doping/reducing agent for graphene oxide (GO), previously dispersed in water. The mixture was poured into an autoclave and placed in the oven at 160 °C for 3, 8 and 12 h. The samples were correspondingly denoted NGr-1, NGr-2 and NGr-3. The effect of the reaction time on the morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the resulting materials was thoroughly investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For NGr-1 and NGr-2, the nitrogen concentration obtained from elemental analysis was around 6.36 wt%. In the case of NGr-3, a slightly higher concentration of 6.85 wt% was obtained. The electrochemical studies performed with NGr modified electrodes proved that the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) and the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (Kapp) depend not only on the nitrogen doping level but also on the type of nitrogen atoms found at the surface (pyrrolic-N, pyridinic-N or graphitic-N). In our case, the NGr-1 sample which has the lowest doping level and the highest concentration of pyrrolic-N among all nitrogen-doped samples exhibits the best electrochemical parameters: a very small Rct (38.3 Ω), a large Kapp (13.9 × 10−2 cm/s) and the best electrochemical response towards 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine detection (8-OHdG).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene: The Influence of Doping Level on the Charge-Transfer Resistance and Apparent Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rate

Coroș

Varodi

Pogăcean

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…There have been several reports on biomass/natural productderived QDs (mainly C-QDs and G-QDs), which are principally focused only on their synthesis and applications in various elds, including biodiagnostics, energy conversion and catalysis. Notably, there are ample reviews and feature articles available on the synthesis of C-QDs and G-QDs from natural products, 1,6,18 monosaccharides and polysaccharides, 21 and biomass wastes, 30 doping of heteroatoms in C-QDs and G-QDs, 22,28 applications of C-QDs in sensing, 14 bioimaging and cancer therapy, 8,15 photovoltaics and light harvesting, 23,29 synthesis, properties and various applications of G-QDs, 2,9,12,20,28 combined uses of C-QDs and G-QDs in biological purposes 10 and optoelectronic and energy applications. 2 Although vast literature exists on the application of C-QDs and G-QDs towards light-emitting applications, to the best of our knowledge, there are no review articles on the sustainable optoelectronic applications of biomolecule-derived QDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomolecule-derived quantum dots for sustainable optoelectronics

et al. 2019

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“…Doping of heteroatoms may be required to incorporate a specific functional group (e.g., NH 2 ), for catalytic reasons or to impart a higher affinity to analytes (e.g., sulfur for mercury sensing) . To date, the most doped heteroatom in GQDs is nitrogen, which is likely due to a range of factors including the improved luminescence, abundance of N‐containing precursor compounds, and the preceding knowledge of carbon–nitrogen chemistry . A range of nitrogenous functional groups are reported for N‐doped GQDs, with NH, CN, and the pyridinic, pyrrolic, and graphitic forms of aromatic nitrogen dominating.…”

Section: Synthesis and Chemical Functionality Of Gqdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Practical Guide to Prepare and Synthetically Modify Graphene Quantum Dots

Sweetman

Hickey

Brooks

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Due to the favorable properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), there has been a rapid development of sensors, devices, and composite materials, which incorporate this 0D nanomaterial. GQDs provide a means to instill superior optical, electronic, mechanical, and adsorptive properties to various platforms and have found use as biosensors, photovoltaic devices, polymer composites, and drug delivery vehicles. One of the key factors to successfully integrating GQD technology is the intelligent choice of synthetic chemical pathways to fabricate, modify, and instill functionality in the developed platform. GQDs are decorated with a variety of functional groups that are amenable to traditional synthetic chemistry transformations; however, the technology for post-synthetic modifications is only in its infancy. Herein, a comprehensive analysis of the chemistry available for modifying GQDs is provided; starting from methods for GQD fabrication and synthetic chemical pathways for producing functional GQDs, to the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of specific chemistries, and finally techniques for the appropriate characterization of these functional materials. This review is meant for researchers considering entering the GQD field, as well as those more experienced, providing a practical guide on how to prepare, modify, and characterize GQDs for a broad range of applications.

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Nitrogen-doped graphene and graphene quantum dots: A review onsynthesis and applications in energy, sensors and environment

Cited by 328 publications

References 183 publications

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene: The Influence of Doping Level on the Charge-Transfer Resistance and Apparent Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rate

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene: The Influence of Doping Level on the Charge-Transfer Resistance and Apparent Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rate

Biomolecule-derived quantum dots for sustainable optoelectronics

A Practical Guide to Prepare and Synthetically Modify Graphene Quantum Dots

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