Nitrogen application at the booting stage affects 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, proline, and total nitrogen contents in aromatic rice

Mo, Zhaowen; Ashraf, Umair; Yongjian, Tang; Wu, Li; Pan, Shenggang; Duan, Meiyang; Tian, Hua; Tang, Xiangru

doi:10.4067/s0718-58392018000200165

Cited by 50 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The effect of the environmental factors such as the temperature, light and nutrition, and the cultivation practices such as irrigation, fertilization, and plant regulators on 2AP formation during rice growth period have been evaluated in previous studies (Bhattacharjee et al, 2002; Champagne, 2008; Goufo et al, 2010; Poonlaphdecha et al, 2012; Yang et al, 2012; Mo et al, 2015, 2016; Li et al, 2016, b). Those results suggested that it is feasible to regulate the 2AP content in fragrant rice with moderate irrigation and nitrogen application (Yoshihashi et al, 2002; Itani et al, 2004; Tian et al, 2010; Wang et al, 2013; Bao et al, 2018; Mo et al, 2018). It have been reported that water and nitrogen management at tillering stage can regulate 2AP accumulation (Li, Tang, et al, 2014; Ren et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the genetic factor is recognized to play the important role in affecting the aroma biosynthesis in fragrant rice (Lorieux et al, 1996; Bradbury et al, 2008; Fitzgerald et al, 2008), however, many environmental factors and management practices have been reported to affect the 2AP biosynthesis in fragrant rice (Bhattacharjee et al 2002; Champagne, 2008; Gay et al, 2010; Yang et al 2012; Mo et al, 2016, b). For instance, light intensity, temperature, soil nutrient, salinity as well plant nutrition such as silicon, Mn, and Zn application are external plant factors that substantially affect the 2AP contents in fragrant rice (Fitzgerald et al, 2010; Poonlaphdecha et al 2012; Yang et al 2014; Li et al, 2016, b; Mo et al 2015, 2016,b, 2017, 2018, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Li et al (2014, b) reported that water-nitrogen interaction at tillering stage had a significant influence on 2AP content in brown rice. Ren et al (2017) reported that application of N at 60 kg hm − 2 with less water irrigation at tillering stage could remarkably increase 2AP content in grain, whilst, Mo et al (2018) indicated that different N application levels affected the 2AP content in fragrant rice. The N effect on 2AP contents in fragrant rice have also been supported by many previous studies (Itani et al, 2004; Mo et al, 2018, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen application and different water regimes at booting stage improved yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) formation in fragrant rice

Nie

et al. 2019

Rice

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Background: Water (W) and nitrogen (N) management generally cause regulations in the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) accumulation in fragrant rice; nevertheless, the feasibility of such management strategies at booting stage in improving 2AP accumulation has not been examined in details. Methods: Field experiments were conducted in the early season (March-July) and repeated in the late season (July-November) in 2013. The treatments were applied urea (90 kg ha − 1), calcium super phosphate (90 kg ha − 1) and potassium chloride (195 kg ha − 1) as basal fertilizer, and urea (65 kg ha − 1) at tillering stage. Three N levels i.e., 0 kg N ha − 1 (N1), 30 kg N ha − 1 (N2), and 60 kg N ha − 1 (N3) and three water levels i.e., W1 treatment (well-watered treatment with water layer of 2-4 cm), W2 treatment (soil water potential was − 15 ± 5 kPa), and W3 treatment (soil water potential was − 25 ± 5 kPa) at booting stage was set up for three rice varieties i.e., Nongxiang 18, Yungengyou 14 and Basmati. The grain yield, head milled rice yield, 2AP contents and the biochemical parameters related to 2AP formation were investigated. Results: Result indicated that W and N dynamics regulated the grain yield, head milled rice yield, and 2AP contents in brown rice across three varieties. The N2 and N3 treatment significantly increased the 2AP contents in brown rice by 9.54% and 11.95%, and 8.88% and 32.54% in the early and the late season, respectively; improved grain yield and head milled rice yield. The W3 treatment improved grain yield, head milled rice yield and 2AP content. Significant W and N interaction effect on 2AP content in brown rice was detected, where the W3 N3 treatment showed the strongest interaction regarding improvement of 2AP contents in brown rice. The 2AP accumulation and its related biochemical parameters and their relationships in different plant tissues at different growth stages under W and N treatments had also been assessed. The 2AP content, P5C content and DAO activity during grain filling periods was highly related to the 2AP content in brown rice. Conclusion: This study revealed that the 60 kg N ha − 1 coupled with − 25 ± 5 kPa treatment showed the best positive effects on yield and aroma in fragrant rice, suggested that water and nitrogen management at booting stage can improve grain yield and fragrance in fragrant rice. However, further study to evaluate the metabolic and molecular basis of 2AP accumulation in fragrant rice is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen application and different water regimes at booting stage improved yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) formation in fragrant rice

Nie

et al. 2019

Rice

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“…Previous studies have indicated that salt and shading treatment increased the 2AP and GABA contents in grain (Mo et al, ; Poonlaphdecha et al, ) and a significant positive correlation between 2AP and GABA in the grains was also observed for the “Yuxiangyouzhan” (Mo et al, ). Additionally, nitrogen fertilization has great impacts on 2AP formation and accumulation (Mo et al, ; Ren et al, ). Therefore, the main reasons that GABA and N regulate the aroma formation are as follows: (a) GABA is directly related to 2AP formation; and (b) the GABA and N regulate the physio‐chemical parameters of 2AP formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nitrogen regulates aroma biochemistry in fragrant rice

Xie

Ashraf

Zhong

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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The 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2AP) is a key aroma compound in fragrant rice. The present study assessed the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nitrogen (N) application induced regulations in the biochemical basis of rice aroma formation. Four N levels, that is, 0, 0.87, 1.75, and 2.61 g/pot, and two GABA treatments, that is, 0 mg/L (GABA0) and 250 mg/L (GABA250), were applied to three fragrant rice cultivars, that is, Yuxiangyouzhan, Yungengyou 14, and Basmati‐385. Results showed that GABA250 increased 2AP, Na, Mn, Zn, and Fe contents by 8.44%, 10.95%, 25.70%, 11.14%, and 43.30%, respectively, under N treatments across cultivars. The GABA250 further enhanced the activities of proline dehydrogenase (PDH), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) (both at 15 days after heading (d AH), and diamine oxidase (DAO) (at maturity) by 20.36%, 11.24%, and 17.71%, respectively. Significant interaction between GABA and N for Mn, Zn, and Fe contents in grains, proline content in leaves, GABA content in leaves at 15 d AH and maturity stage (MS), Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylic acid (P5C) contents in leaves at 15 d AH, and Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthase (P5CS), PDH, and OAT activities in leaves at MS was noted. Moreover, the 2AP contents in grains at MS showed a significant and positive correlation with the proline contents in the leaves at 15d AH. In conclusion, GABA250 enhanced the 2AP, Na, Mn, Zn, and Fe contents, as well as the enzyme activities involved in 2AP biosynthesis. Exogenous GABA and N application improved the 2AP contents and nutrient uptake in fragrant rice.

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“…To increase 2-AP content in fragrant rice grain, many crop management strategies have been introduced, such as fertilizer application, water management, and even light control. Previous studies have shown that extra nitrogen applied at the booting stage could induce increases in 2-AP concentrations in fragrant rice [7]. The study of Bao [8] revealed the molecular basis for increased 2-AP content under drying conditions in fragrant rice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different tillage induces regulation in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in direct-seeded fragrant rice

Luo

et al. 2019

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Land preparation is an important component of fragrant rice production. However, the effect of tillage on fragrant rice production is unclear, especially regarding the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), which is the main compound of the unique aroma of fragrant rice. This study aimed to explore 2-AP biosynthesis in fragrant rice under different tillage regimes. Three tillage methods were applied in the present study: conventional rotary tillage (CK) as the control, plough tillage (PT), and no-tillage (NT). Result Compared with CK, the PT treatment increased 2-AP content in grain, upregulated the activity of ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) and increased contents of 1-pyrroline and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C). Furthermore, the PT treatment increased the grain yield and nitrogen accumulation of fragrant rice. Meanwhile, the 2-AP content in the grain produced under the NT treatment was significantly higher than that in the grain produced under both the PT and CK treatments due to the enhancement of proline content and the activities of proline dehydrogenase (PDH) and △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS). However, the present study observed that the overall production of fragrant rice under NT conditions was inferior due to lower yield, nitrogen accumulation, and anti-oxidative enzymatic activities. Moreover, the organic matter content and soil microorganism quantity increased due to PT and NT treatments. Conclusions Compared to CK, PT improved fragrant rice grain yield and nitrogen accumulation and induced an increase in OAT activity and led to an increase in 2-AP concentration. No-tillage also produced increased 2-AP content in grain by enhancing PDH and P5CS activities but limited yields and nitrogen accumulation in fragrant rice.

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Nitrogen application at the booting stage affects 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, proline, and total nitrogen contents in aromatic rice

Cited by 50 publications

References 27 publications

Nitrogen application and different water regimes at booting stage improved yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) formation in fragrant rice

Nitrogen application and different water regimes at booting stage improved yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) formation in fragrant rice

Application of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nitrogen regulates aroma biochemistry in fragrant rice

Different tillage induces regulation in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in direct-seeded fragrant rice

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