Nitric Oxide Inhibits the Replication Cycle of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

Åkerström, Sara; Mousavi‐Jazi, Mehrdad; Klingström, Jonas; Leijon, Mikael; Lundkvist, Åke; Mirazimi, Alì

doi:10.1128/jvi.79.3.1966-1969.2005

Cited by 305 publications

(282 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Several other studies also found that anti-3a antibodies were presented only in a subset of SARS patients [4,9,10,22]. In this study, we showed that rabbit polyclonal antibody targeting a 14 aa epitope (aa [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] in the N-terminal ectodomain of 3a could neutralize the SARS-CoV replication in Vero E6 cells in the absence of the complement system. On the other hand, serum obtained from a rabbit immunized with the Cterminal cytoplasmic domain of 3a (aa 134-274) was not capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV even though it contains a higher amount of 3a-specific antibodies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…All experiments were performed in duplicates and the average values with standard deviations are plotted. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] in the N-terminal ectodomain of the 3a protein during SARS-CoV infection also remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Vero E6 cells and SARS-CoV isolate used in this study have been previously described [16]. Culturing of 293T cells have been previously described [4].…”

Section: Cell-line and Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amino acids 15–28 in the ectodomain of SARS coronavirus 3a protein induces neutralizing antibodies

2006

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A synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids (aa) 15-28 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 3a protein was used to raise polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. This anti-3a N-terminal antibody could detect 3a protein in infected cells, as did an anti-3a C-terminal antibody previously described. The latter targeted the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of 3a (aa 134-274). The anti-3a N-terminal antibody could detect intracellular 3a as well as 3a expressed on the cell surface. Interestingly, only the anti-3a N-terminal antibody can inhibit SARS-CoV propagation in Vero E6 culture although the binding affinity of the anti-3a N-terminal antibody was lower than the anti-3a C-terminal antibody.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amino acids 15–28 in the ectodomain of SARS coronavirus 3a protein induces neutralizing antibodies

2006

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“…Interestingly, the beneficial effects persisted after termination of NO inhalation [135]. NO has been shown to inhibit the replication cycle of SARS-CoV in vitro [136].…”

Section: No (Nitric Oxide)mentioning

confidence: 97%

SARS: clinical presentation, transmission, pathogenesis and treatment options

2006

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SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) appeared as the first emerging infectious disease of this century. It is fortunate that the culprit virus can be grown without much difficulty from a commonly used cell line, allowing an unlimited supply of isolates for further molecular studies and leading to the development of sensitive diagnostic assays. How the virus has successfully jumped the species barrier is still a mystery. The superspreading events that occurred within hospital, hotel and high-density housing estate opens a new chapter in the mechanisms and routes of virus transmission. The old practice of quarantine proved to be still useful in controlling the global outbreak. Despite all the available sophisticated tests, alertness with early recognition by healthcare workers and prompt isolation of suspected cases is still the most important step for containing the spread of the infection. Although the rapidly evolving outbreak did not allow the conducting of systematic clinical trails to evaluate treatment options, the accumulated experience on managing SARS patients will improve the clinical outcome should SARS return. Although SARS led to more than 700 deaths worldwide, the lessons learnt have prepared healthcare systems worldwide to face future emerging and re-emerging infections.

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“…In vitro studies demonstrated that NO significantly interfers with the replication cycle of SARS CoV in a concentration-dependent manner and also inhibits viral protein and RNA synthesis [136,142]. When Chen and colleagues [143] treated a small cohort of 6 severely sick SARS patients in their intensive care unit with NO in addition to the ribavirin/steroid therapy, they observed improvement in oxygenation and decreased spread or density of lung infiltrates.…”

Section: Drugs Used In Sars Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 93%

SARS: Understanding the Virus and Development of Rational Therapy

Stadler¹,

Rappuoli

2005

CMM

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In late 2002 a new disease, severe atypical respiratory syndrome (SARS), emerged in China. A hitherto unknown animal coronavirus (CoV) that had crossed the species barrier through close contact of humans with infected animals was identified as the etiological agent. It rapidly adapted to the new host and not only became readily transmissible between humans but also more pathogenic. Air travel spread it rapidly around the world and ultimately the virus infected 8096 people and caused 774 deaths in 26 countries on 5 continents. Aggressive quarantine measures successfully terminated the disease. Currently, there are no SARS cases recorded and most likely the virus no longer circulates in the human population. In this review we present an overview over SARS-Co virus biology, the disease and discuss strategies to develop antiviral drugs and vaccines.

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Nitric Oxide Inhibits the Replication Cycle of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

Cited by 305 publications

References 35 publications

Amino acids 15–28 in the ectodomain of SARS coronavirus 3a protein induces neutralizing antibodies

Amino acids 15–28 in the ectodomain of SARS coronavirus 3a protein induces neutralizing antibodies

SARS: clinical presentation, transmission, pathogenesis and treatment options

SARS: Understanding the Virus and Development of Rational Therapy

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