Nisin and lysostaphin activity against preformed biofilm of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
 involved in bovine mastitis

Ceotto-Vigoder, Hilana; Marques, Sérgio; Santos, Ilana Nascimento Sousa; Alves, Melissa; Barrias, Emile; Potter, Amina; Alviano, Daniela Sales; Bastos, M. C. F.

doi:10.1111/jam.13136

Cited by 55 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…These latter results also indicated that cell physiology (exponential versus stationary phase) has a significant impact on nisin susceptibility in S. aureus cultures. Taken together, these results agree with previous observations that demonstrated the differences in antimicrobial susceptibility between exponential versus stationary cells in different species of bacteria (37, 49–51).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Previous studies demonstrated that nisin inhibits both planktonic and sessile cells of Staphylococcus epidermidis and a MRSA clinical isolate (35, 36). However, although nisin is bactericidal against planktonic cultures, its inhibitory activity is often reduced against sessile cells (27, 37). Therefore, investigating the penetration of antimicrobials through bacterial biofilms could provide valuable information about their therapeutic potential and help to improve antimicrobial dosing regimens (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nisin penetratesStaphylococcus aureusbiofilms but shows differences in killing effects against sessile and planktonic cells

Godoy-Santos

Pitts

Stewart

et al. 2018

Preprint

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17Biofilms may restrict antimicrobial penetration and contribute to the recalcitrance of 18 bacterial infections. In this work, we investigated the penetration of nisin into S. aureus 19 biofilms and compared the susceptibility of S. aureus planktonic and sessile cells to this 20 lantibiotic. Biofilms were grown under continuous flow in CDC reactors and calcein 21 fluorescence was used to monitor the effect of nisin on the cytoplasmic membrane of S. 22 aureus cells. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) showed that calcein was lost 23 within approximately 20 min in CDC biofilms, demonstrating that nisin penetrated to the 24 bottom of the biofilm and caused membrane permeabilization. Viability analysis using PI 25 staining showed that nisin was bactericidal against S. aureus sessile cells. Time-kill 26 assays were performed against S. aureus in the following conditions: homogenized 27 exponential planktonic (HEP), homogenized stationary planktonic (HSP), homogenized 28 CDC biofilm (HB) and intact CDC biofilm (IB). The mean viability reduction of HEP and 29 HSP were 6.71 and 1.64 log CFU.ml -1 , respectively, confirming that stationary S. aureus 30 cells were much less susceptible than exponential cells. The HB and IB treatments 31 showed mean viability reductions of 1.25 and 0.50 log CFU.ml -1 , respectively. Nisin 32 activity against S. aureus was not limited by its ability to penetrate the bacterial biofilm, 33 but the killing efficacy of the antimicrobial peptide was reduced by the physiological 34 status of the biofilm-grown cells. 35 36 37 38 3 Importance 39Biofilms represent a major problem to control microorganisms in industrial environments 40 and medical devices. We developed a direct real-time microscopic visualization 41 technique to demonstrate experimentally that the antimicrobial peptide nisin is able to 42 penetrate S. aureus biofilms. Our results confirmed that nisin caused membrane 43 permeabilization of sessile bacteria and revealed qualitative agreement between 44 viability loss and membrane integrity loss. This approach could improve the evaluation 45 of antibacterial susceptibility breakpoints when testing the efficacy of standard and 46 novel antimicrobials. 47 48

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nisin penetratesStaphylococcus aureusbiofilms but shows differences in killing effects against sessile and planktonic cells

Godoy-Santos

Pitts

Stewart

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…The combination elicited a reduction in MRSA CFU counts by 3 logs, whereas the individual antimicrobials were unable to decrease the CFU to such an extent (Dosler and Mataraci, 2013). A recent interesting study evaluated the activity of nisin and lysostaphin against pre-formed biofilms of S. aureus involved in bovine mastitis (Ceotto-Vigoder et al, 2016). After treatment for 24 h with a combination of nisin and lysostaphin, the biofilm pre-formed by all eight strains tested in the study was reduced by >50%, as suggested by biofilm detachment from the microtiter plates.…”

Section: Effects Of Antimicrobial Combinations Involving Bacteriocinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After treatment for 24 h with a combination of nisin and lysostaphin, the biofilm pre-formed by all eight strains tested in the study was reduced by >50%, as suggested by biofilm detachment from the microtiter plates. Although no remarkable detachment could be noticed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis after a 4 h treatment, when the biofilm matrix of S. aureus 4181 was assayed for cell viability, most cells were shown to be dead (Ceotto-Vigoder et al, 2016). In contrast to the synergistic activity between nisin and lysostaphin, significantly higher concentrations of lysostaphin used on its own, up to 50-fold higher, were required to cause the same level of biofilm detachment achieved by nisin-lysostaphin combinations.…”

Section: Effects Of Antimicrobial Combinations Involving Bacteriocinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriocin-Antimicrobial Synergy: A Medical and Food Perspective

et al. 2017

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The continuing emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens has sparked an interest in seeking alternative therapeutic options. Antimicrobial combinatorial therapy is one such avenue. A number of studies have been conducted, involving combinations of bacteriocins with other antimicrobials, to circumvent the development of antimicrobial resistance and/or increase antimicrobial potency. Such bacteriocin-antimicrobial combinations could have tremendous value, in terms of reducing the likelihood of resistance development due to the involvement of two distinct mechanisms of antimicrobial action. Furthermore, antimicrobial synergistic interactions may also have potential financial implications in terms of decreasing the costs of treatment by reducing the concentration of an expensive antimicrobial and utilizing it in combination with an inexpensive one. In addition, combinatorial therapies with bacteriocins can broaden antimicrobial spectra and/or result in a reduction in the concentration of an antibiotic required for effective treatments to the extent that potentially toxic or adverse side effects can be reduced or eliminated. Here, we review studies in which bacteriocins were found to be effective in combination with other antimicrobials, with a view to targeting clinical and/or food-borne pathogens. Furthermore, we discuss some of the bottlenecks which are currently hindering the development of bacteriocins as viable therapeutic options, as well as addressing the need to exercise caution when attempting to predict clinical outcomes of bacteriocin-antimicrobial combinations.

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“…Previously, this endopeptidase has been used to control targeted biofilms in several ways. The free form of Lst has been used by Ceotto-Vigoder et al (2016) against some S. aureus strains responsible for bovine mastitis. A high incidence of biofilm detachment and cell death in S. aureus 4181 was found after treating affected cells for 4 hr with 0.4 μg/mL of Lst.…”

Section: Metalloproteasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Future Prospects of Enzyme‐Based Biofilm Prevention Approaches in the Food Industry

Begum

Mizan

et al. 2018

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

109

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Food poisoning and foodborne diseases are a growing public health concern worldwide. Approximately 30 known and many unknown pathogens are the main culprits for these conditions. Biofilms are a heterogeneous living‐form of pathogens and are considered a safe haven for their pathogenicity. In the field of food processing, the persistence of biofilms results in an increased likelihood of food contamination, which ultimately compromises overall food quality and safety. Because of the robust heterogeneity and resistant phenotypic nature of biofilms, the impairment of biofilms is very challenging when using conventional cleaning agents/antibiotics. Therefore, the development of alternative approaches is of great interest to the food industry. Recently, many researchers have found that use of enzymes can provide an exciting and effective therapeutic approach for solving biofilm‐associated problems in the food industry, because enzymes are involved in almost every stage of biofilm detachment and degradation. Here, we describe biofilm‐associated problems in the food industry and recent advances in enzyme‐based biofilm impairment strategies. We also highlight major limitations, challenges, and possible prospects of enzyme‐based biofilm‐targeting technologies.

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Nisin and lysostaphin activity against preformed biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus involved in bovine mastitis

Cited by 55 publications

References 38 publications

Nisin penetratesStaphylococcus aureusbiofilms but shows differences in killing effects against sessile and planktonic cells

Nisin penetratesStaphylococcus aureusbiofilms but shows differences in killing effects against sessile and planktonic cells

Bacteriocin-Antimicrobial Synergy: A Medical and Food Perspective

Advances and Future Prospects of Enzyme‐Based Biofilm Prevention Approaches in the Food Industry

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