Nicotine Dependence and the Level of Motivation for Ceasing Smoking in the Case of Patients Undergoing Vascular Surgeries Versus the Optimisation of Perioperative Care—Pilot Survey

Abstract

Introduction: Smoking is one of key risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and carotid artery disease (CAD). Despite attempts being made to make the society aware of the consequences of passive and active smoking, as well as worldwide and nationwide epidemiologic research reflecting the scale of the problem, there are still a lot of smokers. Aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between the degree of addiction and the level of motivation for ceasing smoking in the case of patients before vascular surgery. Furthermore, to point out factors that have a significant impact on the level of nicotine dependence and motivation for ceasing smoking. Methods: The survey included patients qualified for vascular surgeries. The patients were active smokers: 69.3% men and 30.7% women. The survey was conducted in the form of a questionnaire based on standard research tools: the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Test of Motivation for Ceasing Smoking by Nina Schneider, and the original questionnaire aimed at collecting social and demographic data. Results: Most patients showed a high or moderate degree of nicotine dependence: 46.5% and 40.6%, respectively. An average nicotine dependence ratio based on the Fagerström test was 6.23 ± 2.39. An average motivation for the ceasing smoking ratio was 4.88 ± 2.76. Only 34.7% of the patients had a high motivation for ceasing smoking. Over half of the patients (61.4%) attempted to cease smoking in the past. Conclusions: Most patients undergoing vascular surgeries showed a high or moderate degree of nicotine dependence and low motivation to quit smoking. The greater the addiction to nicotine, the lower the motivation to quit smoking. Social and demographic factors do not affect the degree of nicotine addiction and the motivation to quit smoking. Years of smoking had an impact on the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Validation and reliability test of Chinese language patient-reported impact of symptoms in schizophrenia scale

“…All subjects were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry of Tianjin Anding Hospital, the Department of Psychiatry of Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry of Wenzhou Seventh Peoples’ Hospital from September 2021 to October 2022. The inclusion criteria were: (1) ≥ 18 years; (2) diagnosed with schizophrenia by a professional psychiatrist according to the criteria of DSM-IV; (3) the patients had insight; (4) the patients’ symptoms were stable; (5) could understand the CL-PRISS, (6) could self-report their subjective experiences clearly; (7) without intellectual disability; (8) without neurodegenerative disease; (9) without a history of personality disorder; (10) without substance abuse, except mild nicotine dependence according to the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) ( 30 ); (11) without brain trauma; and (12) without any other factors which possibly interfere with the subject insights. The exclusion criteria were: (1) moderate and severe nicotine dependences; (2) having a history of other mental disorders, such as combined with depression; (3) having IQ < 80; (4) with a history of epilepsy; and (5) with a history of severe physical disease.…”

“…Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine structural validity, and the variance maximum method was used to calculate the factors and factor loads ( 30 , 31 ). Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to determine concurrent validity.…”

Health behaviours and selected risk factors of patients with chronic lower limb ischaemia

“…Palenie tytoniu jest jednym z głównych czynników ryzyka chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego oraz ściśle skorelowane z wystąpieniem i rozwojem choroby tętnic obwodowych [16,17]. Badania własne wykazały, że większość grupy (88%) paliło papierosy.…”

“…Z analizy badań własnych wynika, że badani, którzy mieli rozpoznane choroby takie, jak nadciśnienie tętnicze oraz hipercholesterolemię osiągali wyższy wskaźnik zachowań zdrowotnych niżeli osoby nie cierpiące na te choroby. Wyniki te nie znalazły potwierdzenia w literaturze przedmiotu [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Disease-Specific Quality of Life among Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease in Hungary

“…Untreated or advanced stage PAD may lead to tissue loss and amputation [ 13 , 14 ]. Risk factors for PAD include age, race, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. PAD is associated with considerable physical and psychosocial disease burden, primarily resulting from impaired functional status and quality of life [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] Studies conducted in the U.S. and Hungary have highlighted that functional impairment and pain resulting from lower extremity arterial ischemia leads to reduced quality of life and, consequently, a considerable proportion of PAD patients experience severe symptoms of anxiety and depression.…”