Nickel—chromium alloy electrode as a carbohydrate detector for liquid chromatography

Marioli, Juan M.; Luo, Peifang; Kuwana, Theodore

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(93)80122-2

Cited by 76 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In this way, addition of chromium or other metals stabilized the nickel electrode. It should be noted that Marioli et al 7 reported that in addition to increased stability, the nickel alloys retained the electrochemical characteristics of the base metal. In view of these aspects and considering that alloys are usually cheaper than metals, the use of an alloy electrode is an important contribution for increasing the versatility of electrochemical techniques.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ni(III) species is generated on the electrode surface at potentials in the region of 0.4 to 0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The reactions are: 3,7 Ni + 2OH -↔ Ni(OH) 2 2 + radical → product + e − Glycerol can be determinated by monitoring the Ni(II) and re-oxidizing this species by applying a suitable potential. Despite the versatility, simplicity and suitability of the nickel-chromium alloy as an amperometric detector, and the relevance of glycerol monitoring for the industrial production of soaps, detergents and such, the use of Ni-Cr alloy electrodes for this determination had not yet been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] These include electrodes based on copper, cobalt and nickel for the electrocatalytic oxidation of carbohydrates in an alkaline solution at low potential.…”

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Nickel-Chromium Electrode as a Detector in Flow-Injection Amperometry: Determination of Glycerol

1999

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Almost all of the applications of trihydric alcohols are included in the more than 150 uses of glycerol e.g., humectant, solvent, plasticizer, component of pharmaceuticals, and as a derivative employed in plastics, coatings, explosives and foods.1 Moreover, glycerol is one of the most important compounds to be monitored in a sugar-fermentation plant in order to improve the quality control of the process. 2 In the soap industry, monitoring of the glycerol concentration in lixivia and such is relevant in view of the related economical aspects.Advanced analytical characteristics are required for industrial control, and an increasing number on the applications of chemically modified electrodes as amperometric detectors in flow systems have been reported. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] These include electrodes based on copper, cobalt and nickel for the electrocatalytic oxidation of carbohydrates in an alkaline solution at low potential.Nickel electrodes exhibit catalytic activity in the oxidation of a wide variety of organic compounds in alkaline solutions. The Ni(III) species is generated on the electrode surface at potentials in the region of 0.4 to 0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The reactions are:Glycerol can be determinated by monitoring the Ni(II) and re-oxidizing this species by applying a suitable potential. Despite the versatility, simplicity and suitability of the nickel-chromium alloy as an amperometric detector, and the relevance of glycerol monitoring for the industrial production of soaps, detergents and such, the use of Ni-Cr alloy electrodes for this determination had not yet been reported.The main purpose of the present work was thus to develop a simple, fast and low-cost flow-injection procedure for glycerol determination in lixivia. Glycerol electrocatalytic oxidation in an alkaline medium at low potential was exploited. For this task, a Ni-Cr wire was used as an electrochemical detector, and its chemical composition and electrochemical characteristics were investigated. Experimental ApparatusThe electrochemical system comprised a MQPG-01 Microquimica computerized potenciostat (Florianópolis-SC, Brazil) equipped with Ag/AgCl (3 mol l −1 KCl) reference and platinum auxiliary electrodes (spiral, 0.2×100 mm) sealed in alkaline glass. The working electrode was made of Ni-Cr (ca. 80:20 w/w) by sealing the metal wire (o.d. 1.0 mm) in a glass tube so as to leave about 1-cm length exposed (microcylinder). Unless otherwise indicated, the potential scan rate was 100 mV s −1 . Flow-injection experiments were carried out in a system with an IPC-8 Ismatec peristaltic pump (Zürich, Switzerland) furnished with Tygon pumping tubes, a home-made injector 10 and 0.8 A flow-injection amperometric method for glycerol determination in samples relevant to the industrial production of soaps, detergents and such is presented. A nickel-chromium alloy micro-cylindric electrode was used as the electrochemical detector, which after a pretreatment exhibited good repeatability and stability. The method involved glycerol oxidation by an inactive Ni(OH...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Nickel-Chromium Electrode as a Detector in Flow-Injection Amperometry: Determination of Glycerol

1999

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“…Lower detection limits were recently informed for modi®ed electrodes [27], nickel-chromium alloy electrodes [39], as well as with copper electrodes [8,40]. In the latter case, limits of detection (SaN 3) of 600 fmol [8] and 110 fmol [40] where informed for glucose.…”

Section: Fia and Hplc Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

HPLC Analysis of Carbohydrates with Electrochemical Detection at a Poly-1-naphthylamine/Copper Modified Electrode

D’Eramo¹,

Marioli²,

Arévalo³

et al. 1999

Electroanalysis

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Carbohydrates are detected by constant potential amperometric detection at a modi®ed electrode consisting of poly-1-naphthylamine coated glassy carbon with copper ions incorporated into the polymeric matrix. The polymer is electrodeposited onto the glassy carbon surface by cyclic voltammetric experiments, and copper ions incorporated by immersion of the modi®ed electrode in a 0.10 M cupric ions solution. The amount of copper incorporated into the polymeric matrix is regulated by controlling the immersion time. Cyclic voltammetric experiments showed that glucose was oxidized at the modi®ed electrode surface. The catalytic current for glucose oxidation was dependent on the amount of copper incorporated. Flow injection experiments allowed the determination of the working electrode potential at which maximum signal-to-noise ratios were obtained. The electrode was successfully used in the high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of various carbohydrates.

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“…The other is the constant potential amperometry in which transition metals (Cu, Ni), [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Ni alloys [19][20][21][22][23] or chemically modified electrodes based on the transition metals [24][25][26] are used as working electrodes. The constant potential amperometry employs simpler instrumentation and provides higher sensitivity compared to PAD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous Platinum Electrodes for Amperometric Determination of Sugars with Anion Exchange Chromatography

et al. 2010

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A simple amperometric detection (AD) method based on mesoporous platinum (Pt) electrodes has been developed for the determination of sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). The amperometric detection is based on the direct oxidation of sugars on mesoporous Pt films formed on a gold electrode. The mesoporous Pt electrode (roughness factor of 243) sensitively responded to glucose, fructose, and sucrose in 80 mM sodium hydroxide solution as an alkaline mobile-phase for HPAEC. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) in these sugars were 0.24, 0.29, and 1.8 mM, for glucose, fructose, and sucrose, respectively. The reproducibility (relative standard deviation) of the measurements was less than 3.5%. The present method was applied to the determination of sugars in apple juice. The recoveries for all sugars ranged from 97 to 99%.

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Nickel—chromium alloy electrode as a carbohydrate detector for liquid chromatography

Cited by 76 publications

References 22 publications

Nickel-Chromium Electrode as a Detector in Flow-Injection Amperometry: Determination of Glycerol

Nickel-Chromium Electrode as a Detector in Flow-Injection Amperometry: Determination of Glycerol

HPLC Analysis of Carbohydrates with Electrochemical Detection at a Poly-1-naphthylamine/Copper Modified Electrode

Mesoporous Platinum Electrodes for Amperometric Determination of Sugars with Anion Exchange Chromatography

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