New treatments in age‐related macular degeneration

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in individuals 50 years and older in the developed world. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in exudative AMD is responsible for the majority of severe vision loss. Until recently, laser photocoagulation was the only well-established and widely accepted treatment for CNV. However, it is beneficial only for a small subset of patients, has a high rate of CNV persistence and recurrence and results in iatrogenic, collateral damage to the overlying retina. These issues make it difficult to recommend in the case of subfoveal lesions. Consequently, numerous experimental therapeutic interventions are under investigation with the common objective of destroying the CNV but leaving the foveal neurosensory retina intact. Treatment modalities can be grouped into five major categories: photodynamic therapy; radiotherapy; transpupillary thermotherapy; anti-angiogenic and angiostatic agents; and surgical intervention. The present review aims to explain the rationale behind these new treatments, analyse the evidence for their safety and efficacy, determine their stage of development and indicate in which patients they are potentially useful.

Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology: insights into cites

“…It is interesting to collate the top 20 most‐cited CEO articles published in 2003 and 2004 (the publication years that contribute to the 2005 IF calculation) 3 . Although, as expected, original research articles dominate the list, (12 clinical science and two laboratory science), it is gratifying to note five highly‐cited perspective (review) articles, including the top cited paper on age‐related macular degeneration, 9 and reviews of severe vaso‐occlusive retinopathy, and myopia 10,11 . This supports the Editorial Board’s policy of encouraging submissions of high quality perspective articles.…”

Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology: insights into cites

“…It is interesting to collate the top 20 most‐cited CEO articles published in 2003 and 2004 (the publication years that contribute to the 2005 IF calculation) 3 . Although, as expected, original research articles dominate the list, (12 clinical science and two laboratory science), it is gratifying to note five highly‐cited perspective (review) articles, including the top cited paper on age‐related macular degeneration, 9 and reviews of severe vaso‐occlusive retinopathy, and myopia 10,11 . This supports the Editorial Board’s policy of encouraging submissions of high quality perspective articles.…”

Stimulation of Aquaporin-Mediated Fluid Transport by Cyclic GMP in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium In Vitro

“…Current therapies use vitreal pressure to tamponade the retina and laser, thermal, and cryogenic methods for physically reattaching the retina to the RPE. 52 Pharmacologic approaches to reducing edema, such as targeting cGMP levels in RPE, could increase the success of retinal reattachment surgeries and reduce the risk of retinal detachment as an adverse consequence of traumatic injury or postcataract surgery. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world; the risk of retinal detachment increases more than fivefold in patients within 10 years after cataract surgery.…”

Relativistic Functional Groups: Aryl Carbon–Gold Bond Formation by Selective Transmetalation of Boronic Acids

“…The rational design of triplet‐state sensitizers for the photodynamic therapy of cancers1–3 and other diseases4 remains an obdurate challenge. A prominent strategy5–7 is the modification of existing photosensitizers with bromine ( Z =35) or iodine ( Z =53); the resulting heavy‐atom effects potentiate the generation of therapeutic 1 Δ g O 2 .…”

Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology: insights into cites

“…It is interesting to collate the top 20 most‐cited CEO articles published in 2003 and 2004 (the publication years that contribute to the 2005 IF calculation) 3 . Although, as expected, original research articles dominate the list, (12 clinical science and two laboratory science), it is gratifying to note five highly‐cited perspective (review) articles, including the top cited paper on age‐related macular degeneration, 9 and reviews of severe vaso‐occlusive retinopathy, and myopia 10,11 . This supports the Editorial Board’s policy of encouraging submissions of high quality perspective articles.…”

Stimulation of Aquaporin-Mediated Fluid Transport by Cyclic GMP in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium In Vitro

“…Current therapies use vitreal pressure to tamponade the retina and laser, thermal, and cryogenic methods for physically reattaching the retina to the RPE. 52 Pharmacologic approaches to reducing edema, such as targeting cGMP levels in RPE, could increase the success of retinal reattachment surgeries and reduce the risk of retinal detachment as an adverse consequence of traumatic injury or postcataract surgery. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world; the risk of retinal detachment increases more than fivefold in patients within 10 years after cataract surgery.…”

Relativistic Functional Groups: Aryl Carbon–Gold Bond Formation by Selective Transmetalation of Boronic Acids

“…The rational design of triplet‐state sensitizers for the photodynamic therapy of cancers1–3 and other diseases4 remains an obdurate challenge. A prominent strategy5–7 is the modification of existing photosensitizers with bromine ( Z =35) or iodine ( Z =53); the resulting heavy‐atom effects potentiate the generation of therapeutic 1 Δ g O 2 .…”

Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology: insights into cites

“…It is interesting to collate the top 20 most‐cited CEO articles published in 2003 and 2004 (the publication years that contribute to the 2005 IF calculation) 3 . Although, as expected, original research articles dominate the list, (12 clinical science and two laboratory science), it is gratifying to note five highly‐cited perspective (review) articles, including the top cited paper on age‐related macular degeneration, 9 and reviews of severe vaso‐occlusive retinopathy, and myopia 10,11 . This supports the Editorial Board’s policy of encouraging submissions of high quality perspective articles.…”

Stimulation of Aquaporin-Mediated Fluid Transport by Cyclic GMP in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium In Vitro

“…Current therapies use vitreal pressure to tamponade the retina and laser, thermal, and cryogenic methods for physically reattaching the retina to the RPE. 52 Pharmacologic approaches to reducing edema, such as targeting cGMP levels in RPE, could increase the success of retinal reattachment surgeries and reduce the risk of retinal detachment as an adverse consequence of traumatic injury or postcataract surgery. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world; the risk of retinal detachment increases more than fivefold in patients within 10 years after cataract surgery.…”

Relativistic Functional Groups: Aryl Carbon–Gold Bond Formation by Selective Transmetalation of Boronic Acids

“…The rational design of triplet‐state sensitizers for the photodynamic therapy of cancers1–3 and other diseases4 remains an obdurate challenge. A prominent strategy5–7 is the modification of existing photosensitizers with bromine ( Z =35) or iodine ( Z =53); the resulting heavy‐atom effects potentiate the generation of therapeutic 1 Δ g O 2 .…”