New tools to evaluate plastic ingestion by northern fulmars applied to North Sea monitoring data 2002–2018

Franeker, J.A. van; Kühn, Susanne; Anker‐Nilssen, Tycho; Edwards, Ewan W. J.; Gallien, Fabrice; Guse, Nils; Kakkonen, Jenni E.; Mallory, Mark L.; Miles, Will; Olsen, Kåre Olav; Pedersen, John; Provencher, Jennifer F.; Roos, Mervyn; Stienen, Eric; Turner, Daniel M.; Loon, Willem M. G. M. van

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112246

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As of 2020, 180 species of seabirds, corresponding to half of the total species of seabirds around the globe, have been reported to have ingested plastics . While the plastic ingestion rate (frequency of the occurrence of plastics in digestive tracts) of marine organisms has been increasing for many species (Ryan, 2016;Tanaka et al, 2018;, some species do not show significant trends (Baak et al, 2020a,b;van Franeker et al, 2021;Vlietstra and Parga, 2002). It has been predicted that by 2050, 99% of seabird species will have ingested plastics (Wilcox et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical damage and direct mortality caused by ingested plastics has been widely reported (Pierce et al, 2004;Wright et al, 2013;Roman et al, 2019b;Roman et al, 2020a;Roman et al, 2021a). In addition, the potential toxicological impact caused by hazardous chemicals associated with ingested plastics is concerning (Teuten et al, 2009) because marine plastic debris contains many hazardous chemicals (Hirai et al, 2011). While we have a reasonable understanding of the risk of entanglement and ingestion to major marine taxa (Wilcox et al, 2016), the risks associated with chemicals in marine plastics are insidious and inherently more difficult to document through the observation of manifested disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessing ecosystem functions requires the detection of potential increases in the burden of multiple chemicals from a range of sources in the body and the associated biochemical or genetic-level changes. The chemicals in marine plastic debris can be categorized into two broad categories: 1) hydrophobic chemicals that have been absorbed from the surrounding seawater and 2) additives that were originally compounded into the plastic products (Teuten et al, 2009). To aid in our assessment of the chemical risks associated with marine plastic ingestion in seabirds, our study focused on additives, which are the inherent components of plastic products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Target BFRs and BUVSs are moderately to highly hydrophobic and have a high affinity with hydrophobic polymer matrices (Teuten et al, 2009;Yamashita et al, 2019). Many of them are not easily leached during usage and even after disposal because of their hydrophobic nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plastic additives and legacy persistent organic pollutants in the preen gland oil of seabirds sampled across the globe

Yamashita

Hiki

Kashiwada

et al. 2021

EMCR

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Plastic pollution, and its associated impacts on marine fauna due to chemical contamination, is an area of growing global concern. We analyzed 145 preen gland oil samples from 32 seabird species belonging to 8 families with different foraging habits and life history strategies from around the world for plastic additives and legacy persistent organic pollutants. The additives included two brominated flame retardants (decabromodiphenyl ether, BDE209; decabromo diphenyl ethane, DBDPE) and six benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVSs; UVP, UV326, UV329, UV328, UV327, and UV234). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites: DDTs and hexachlorocyclohexane: HCHs) were detected ubiquitously. High concentrations of PCBs (up to 20,000 ng / g-lipid) were observed in the seabirds from higher-trophic level taxa. These patterns can be attributed to PCB exposure via their diet and associated biomagnification. DDT concentrations showed strong

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Plastic additives and legacy persistent organic pollutants in the preen gland oil of seabirds sampled across the globe

Yamashita

Hiki

Kashiwada

et al. 2021

EMCR

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“…Plastic found in stomachs of dead seabirds has been used as a bioindicator of spatiotemporal trends in plastic pollution [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Although finding stomach plastic is now the norm in some seabird species (e.g., Northern Fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis), surprisingly little is known about dynamics of ingestion, retention, and elimination [3,[11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic Differences in the Quantity, Mass, and Anatomical Location of Ingested Plastic in Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis): A Review and Reconsideration of NE Pacific Ocean Samples

Shugart¹,

Nania²

2021

AEER

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On the Washington and Oregon coast of the NE Pacific Ocean from 2008-2015, we found that juveniles represented 83% of Northern Fulmars that were beached. In comparison to older birds, juveniles averaged more mass and pieces of plastic in stomachs. This reflected relatively larger plastic loads in the cranial stomach section, the proventriculus, which we found was associated with relatively large accumulations in the caudal stomach section, the ventriculus. We estimate that the proventriculus could retain almost 10 times as much plastic as the ventriculus and that retention of proventricular plastic largely accounted for the difference in juveniles versus older birds. Our findings contrast with published Atlantic Ocean reports where the proportion of immatures was lower and plastic was retained mostly in ventriculi. The differences in demography and gastric distribution between NE Pacific and Atlantic fulmars may reflect the different sizes of plastic particles that were available. The preponderance of juveniles in NE Pacific Ocean samples and associated relatively large plastic loads overestimate the load for the species. Without accounting for age and gastric distribution, comparison to other regions is ill-advised. An unrecognized complication in stomach-based sampling is that differences in size of plastic at spatiotemporal scales could affect the utility of stomach samples as bioindicators of oceanic plastic pollution.

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Fuzzy cognitive mapping as a tool to assess the relative cumulative effects of environmental stressors on an Arctic seabird population to identify conservation action and research priorities

Rooney

Daniel

Hedd

et al. 2023

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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In the Arctic, chemical contaminants, shipping, oil pollution, plastic pollution, changing habitats in relation to climate change and fisheries have been identified as environmental stressors to seabirds such as Fulmarus glacialis (northern fulmar; qaqulluk; ᖃᖁᓪᓗᖅ), but rarely have these stressors been considered within a cumulative effects framework in this species which is currently showing a declining populations trend. As a novel tool to understand cumulative effects within a conservation context, we applied a fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) approach that allows experts to arrange key factors and their interrelationships, organizing their understanding of the components of a complex issue into a graphical representation; a ‘cognitive map’. This process was grounded in local environment concerns as documented in several Nunavut‐specific reports and discussions, and worked with western‐trained seabird experts with knowledge of northern fulmar populations to assess the inter‐related environmental threats to fulmars as a way to combine these stressors in a cumulative effects framework and identify conservation actions and knowledge gaps. We found strong agreement that the main stressors affecting northern fulmar populations in Canada include pollution (11% total influence (TI)), shipping activities (16% TI), hunting and fishing (18% TI) and mining/oil and gas exploitation activities (22% TI). The indirect influence of threats on northern fulmar population size (57% TI) exceeded the total direct influence (43% TI), emphasizing the value of cognitive mapping in cumulative effects assessment for a more holistic understanding of interacting stressors. Participants expressed substantial uncertainty regarding the strong relationships leading from the concepts, commercial fishing activity in the BBDS and the North Atlantic fisheries activity, indicating that these potential stressors require more research. Similarly, uncertainty was expressed about the potential effects of zodiac traffic, ship strikes of northern fulmar, number of oil spills and magnitude of oil spills on northern fulmar. By characterizing individual factors as manageable or not, we determined that stressors are largely manageable with enforcement of existing policies (58% TI)—importantly, fishing activities were both highly influential on fulmars and deemed manageable, which will inform ongoing co‐management planning in the region.

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New tools to evaluate plastic ingestion by northern fulmars applied to North Sea monitoring data 2002–2018

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Plastic additives and legacy persistent organic pollutants in the preen gland oil of seabirds sampled across the globe

Plastic additives and legacy persistent organic pollutants in the preen gland oil of seabirds sampled across the globe

Demographic Differences in the Quantity, Mass, and Anatomical Location of Ingested Plastic in Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis): A Review and Reconsideration of NE Pacific Ocean Samples

Fuzzy cognitive mapping as a tool to assess the relative cumulative effects of environmental stressors on an Arctic seabird population to identify conservation action and research priorities

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