New studies of second and fourth digit ratio as a morphogenetic trait in subjects with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Rivas, Maravillas; Moreira, Lilia Maria Azevedo; Santo, L.D.E.; Marques, Alexandre; El-Hani, Charbel Niño; Toralles, Maria Betânia Pereira

doi:10.1002/ajhb.22545

Cited by 32 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…First, men and women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a condition leading to hyper-secretion of testosterone, have decreased 2D:4D ratios (Brown et al, 2002; Buck et al, 2003; Ökten et al, 2002; Rivas et al, 2014). Second, men with Klinefelter’s syndrome, a chromosomal abnormality associated with low androgen levels, have higher (i.e., feminized) 2D:4D ratio relative to healthy men (Manning et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior cingulate cortex gray matter volume mediates an association between 2D:4D ratio and trait aggression in women but not men

Gorka

Norman

Radtke

et al. 2015

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Previous research demonstrates that prenatal testosterone exposure increases aggression, possibly through its effects on the structure and function of neural circuits supporting threat detection and emotion regulation. Here we examined associations between regional gray matter volume, trait aggression, and the ratio of the second and fourth digit of the hand (2D:4D ratio) as a putative index of prenatal testosterone exposure in 464 healthy young adult volunteers. Our analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between 2D:4D ratio and gray matter volume of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), a brain region supporting, emotion regulation, conflict monitoring, and behavioral inhibition. Subsequent analyses demonstrated that reduced (i.e., masculinized) gray matter volume in the dACC mediated the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and aggression in women, but not men. Expanding on this gender-specific mediation, additional analyses demonstrated that the shared variance between 2D:4D ratio, dACC gray matter volume, and aggression in women reflected the tendency to engage in cognitive reappraisal of emotionally provocative stimuli. Our results provide novel evidence that 2D:4D ratio is associated with masculinization of dACC gray matter volume, and that this neural phenotype mediates, in part, the expression of trait aggression in women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior cingulate cortex gray matter volume mediates an association between 2D:4D ratio and trait aggression in women but not men

Gorka

Norman

Radtke

et al. 2015

Psychoneuroendocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Analysis of samples from routine amniocentesis have shown that low 2D:4D correlates with high concentrations of testosterone relative to estrogen (Lutchmaya, Baron-Cohen, Raggatt, Knickmeyer, & Manning, 2004), and hormones such as androgens can transfer from males to females in utero, with females from opposite-sex twins having lower 2D:4D than females from samesex twins ( van Anders, Vernon, & Wilbur, 2006). Moreover, females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have been shown to have a lower 2D:4D than healthy control females (Brown, Hines, Fane, & Breedlove, 2002;Honekopp & Watson, 2010;Okten, Kalyoncu, & Yaris, 2002;Rivas et al, 2014). Additionally, several other studies have found that males have a significantly lower 2D:4D than females (Branas-Garza, Kovářík, & Neyse, 2013;Grimbos, Dawood, Burriss, Zucker, & Puts, 2010;Honekopp & Watson, 2010;Manning et al, 2000;Manning & Fink, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Relationship Between Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Sexual Orientation in Men from China

Zheng

2015

Arch Sex Behav

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We examined the relationship between 2D:4D digit ratio and sexual orientation in men from China and analyzed the influences of the components used to assess sexual orientation and the criteria used to classify individuals as homosexual on this relationship. A total of 309 male and 110 female participants took part in a web-based survey. Our results showed that heterosexual men had a significantly lower 2D:4D than heterosexual women and exclusively homosexual men had a significantly higher left 2D:4D than heterosexual men whereas only exclusively homosexual men had a significantly higher right 2D:4D than heterosexual men when sexual orientation was assessed via sexual attraction. The left 2D:4D showed a significant positive correlation with sexual identity, sexual attraction, and sexual behavior, and the right 2D:4D showed a significant positive correlation with sexual attraction. The effect sizes for differences in 2D:4D between homosexual and heterosexual men varied according to criteria used to classify individuals as homosexual and sexual orientation components; the more stringent the criteria (scores closer to the homosexual category), the larger the effect sizes; further, sexual attraction yielded the largest effect size. There were no significant effects of age and latitude on Chinese 2D:4D. This study contributes to the current understanding of the relationship between 2D:4D and male sexual orientation.

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“…Reliability is also a problem in studies of 2D:4D in girls with CAH, who would have been exposed to high levels of testosterone beginning early in gestation (Brown, Hines, Fane, & Breedlove, 2002; Buck, Williams, Hughes, & Acerini, 2003; Ökten, Kalyoncu, & Yariş, 2002; Rivas et al, 2014). Though Brown et al found that girls with CAH had lower 2D:4D than unaffected girls, their sample size was small ( N = 13 girls with CAH), making it difficult to generalize to much larger normative populations.…”

Section: Normative Development: Longitudinal Data Biomarkers and Twinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Androgens and Human Sexual Orientation: Searching for the Elusive Link

Pasterski

2017

Arch Sex Behav

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New studies of second and fourth digit ratio as a morphogenetic trait in subjects with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Cited by 32 publications

References 23 publications

Anterior cingulate cortex gray matter volume mediates an association between 2D:4D ratio and trait aggression in women but not men

Anterior cingulate cortex gray matter volume mediates an association between 2D:4D ratio and trait aggression in women but not men

The Relationship Between Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Sexual Orientation in Men from China

Fetal Androgens and Human Sexual Orientation: Searching for the Elusive Link

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