New SMOS SSS maps in the framework of the Earth Observation data For Science and Innovation in the Black Sea

Olmedo, Estrella; González-Gambau, Verónica; Turiel, Antonio; González‐Haro, Cristina; García-Espriu, Aina; Grégoire, Marilaure; Alvera‐Azcárate, Aida; Buga, Luminița; Rio, Marie-Hélène

doi:10.5194/essd-2021-364

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Access to the data is provided by the Barcelona Expert Center, through its FTP service. The DOI of the L3 product is https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13859 (González-Gambau et al, 2021a). The DOI of the L4 product is https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13860 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and proposed a dedicated technique, the nodal sampling (NS), to mitigate the impact of RFI contamination. This technique has been successfully applied at a global scale and in the Black Sea (Olmedo et al, 2021a). However, the application of the NS for the specific case of the Baltic Sea did not show a significant improvement.…”

Section: Mitigation Of Errors In Smos Brightness Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before the salinity retrieval process, the corrected brightness temperatures are transformed from antenna to ocean surface (Olmedo et al, 2021a).…”

Section: Mitigation Of Errors In Smos Brightness Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First SMOS Sea Surface Salinity dedicated products over the Baltic Sea

González-Gambau

Olmedo

Turiel

et al. 2022

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. This paper presents the first Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) dedicated products over the Baltic Sea. The SSS retrieval from L-band brightness temperature (TB) measurements over this basin is really challenging due to important technical issues, such as the land–sea and ice–sea contamination, the high contamination by radio-frequency interference (RFI) sources, the low sensitivity of L-band TB at SSS changes in cold waters, and the poor characterization of dielectric constant models for the low SSS range in the basin. For these reasons, exploratory research in the algorithms used from the level 0 up to level 4 has been required to develop these dedicated products. This work has been performed in the framework of the European Space Agency regional initiative Baltic+ Salinity Dynamics. Two Baltic+ SSS products have been generated for the period 2011–2019 and are freely distributed: the Level 3 (L3) product (daily generated 9 d maps in a 0.25∘ grid; https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13859, González-Gambau et al., 2021a) and the Level 4 (L4) product (daily maps in a 0.05∘ grid; https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13860, González-Gambau et al., 2021b), which are computed by applying multifractal fusion to L3 SSS with SST maps. The accuracy of L3 SSS products is typically around 0.7–0.8 psu. The L4 product has an improved spatiotemporal resolution with respect to the L3 and the accuracy is typically around 0.4 psu. Regions with the highest errors and limited coverage are located in Arkona and Bornholm basins and Gulfs of Finland and Riga. The impact assessment of Baltic+ SSS products has shown that they can help in the understanding of salinity dynamics in the basin. They complement the temporally and spatially very sparse in situ measurements, covering data gaps in the region, and they can also be useful for the validation of numerical models, particularly in areas where in situ data are very sparse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mitigation Of Errors In Smos Brightness Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First SMOS Sea Surface Salinity dedicated products over the Baltic Sea

González-Gambau

Olmedo

Turiel

et al. 2022

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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“…Level-2, Level-3 and Level-4 SMOS SSS datasets are generated starting from the brightness temperature derived from the SMOS Level-0 data. The complete description of the algorithms as well as the quality assessment of the resulting Level 3 SMOS SSS products are provided in Olmedo et al (2022). Here, we briefly summarize the main improvements introduced from the data processing point of view for taking into account the Black Sea's particular geographic and geophysical conditions and we refer to Olmedo et al (2022) for further details.…”

Section: Salinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique consists in sampling the brightness temperature at nodal points, defined as points where the contamination vanishes and the geophysical signal presents its minimum distortion. This algorithm has been enhanced by including a sea-land mask with the aim at mitigating a residual contamination that persisted in the first ~75 km close to the coast (Olmedo et al, 2022).…”

Section: Improvements On the Nodal Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Black Sea environmental changes from space: New products for altimetry, ocean colour and salinity. Potentialities and requirements for a dedicated in-situ observing system

et al. 2023

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In this paper, satellite products developed during the Earth Observation for Science and Innovation in the Black Sea (EO4SIBS) ESA project are presented. Ocean colour, sea level anomaly and sea surface salinity datasets are produced for the last decade and validated with regional in-situ observations. New data processing is tested to appropriately tackle the Black Sea’s particular configuration and geophysical characteristics. For altimetry, the full rate (20Hz) altimeter measurements from Cryosat-2 and Sentinel-3A are processed to deliver a 5Hz along-track product. This product is combined with existing 1Hz product to produce gridded datasets for the sea level anomaly, mean dynamic topography, geostrophic currents. This new set of altimetry gridded products offers a better definition of the main Black Sea current, a more accurate reconstruction and characterization of eddies structure, in particular, in coastal areas, and improves the observable wavelength by a factor of 1.6. The EO4SIBS sea surface salinity from SMOS is the first satellite product for salinity in the Black Sea. Specific data treatments are applied to remedy the issue of land-sea and radio frequency interference contamination and to adapt the dielectric constant model to the low salinity and cold waters of the Black Sea. The quality of the SMOS products is assessed and shows a significant improvement from Level-2 to Level -3 and Level-4 products. Level-4 products accuracy is 0.4-0.6 psu, a comparable value to that in the Mediterranean Sea. On average SMOS sea surface salinity is lower than salinity measured by Argo floats, with a larger error in the eastern basin. The adequacy of SMOS SSS to reproduce the spatial characteristics of the Black Sea surface salinity and, in particular, plume patterns is analyzed. For ocean colour, chlorophyll-a, turbidity and suspended particulate materials are proposed using regional calibrated algorithms and satellite data provided by OLCI sensor onboard Sentinel-3 mission. The seasonal cycle of ocean colour products is described and a water classification scheme is proposed. The development of these three types of products has suffered from important in-situ data gaps that hinder a sound calibration of the algorithms and a proper assessment of the datasets quality. We propose recommendations for improving the in-situ observing system that will support the development of satellite products.

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Studying of the Satellite Based Models for Local Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of Ocean Acidification in Costal Sea Water in Black Sea

Drumeva,

Chanev

2023

EEEP

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Due to climate changes, a number of changes are observed in the world's oceans, such as a change in the amount of thermal energy and water temperature, a change in sea and ocean currents, as well as an increase in acidification. These changes lead to a change in sea water as a habitat for marine ecosystems. Since the beginning of the new millennium, many scientific researches have been focused on monitoring and studying ocean acidification as an important indicator of climate change. The use of satellite remote sensing data to study ocean acidification is gaining wide application and is emerging as a major research method in the near future. It enables continuous near-real-time monitoring, both globally and regionally. The aim of the present study is to investigate and evaluate the possibilities of applying the models for the study of marine acidification using satellite data for a limited coastal area in the Black Sea region. A review of the publications in various scientific databases related to the major projects of international and governmental organizations such as UNESCO, IALA, EC, NOAA, etc. was made. The study takes into account the gaps in the information on the acidification of the Bulgarian coastal waters by exploring the possibilities for satellite remote monitoring, which would allow the creation of spatio-temporal and prognostic models. The global and regional coastal studies of seawater acidification with satellite data, as well as the satellite studies of the Black Sea carried out so far, give us hope that in the near future we will be able to successfully apply satellite remote sensing methods in regions such as the Bulgarian coast. However, there are currently no data on quantitative analyzes based on satellite data for the Black Sea, such as the calculations of the parameters of the carbon cycle in sea water. This leads to the impossibility of conducting satellite monitoring of acidification in our region at the present time.

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New SMOS SSS maps in the framework of the Earth Observation data For Science and Innovation in the Black Sea

Cited by 3 publications

References 53 publications

First SMOS Sea Surface Salinity dedicated products over the Baltic Sea

First SMOS Sea Surface Salinity dedicated products over the Baltic Sea

Monitoring Black Sea environmental changes from space: New products for altimetry, ocean colour and salinity. Potentialities and requirements for a dedicated in-situ observing system

Studying of the Satellite Based Models for Local Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of Ocean Acidification in Costal Sea Water in Black Sea

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