New primary nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

Risk of Developing a Subsequent Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Patients With a History of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

“…This study uses the first occurrence of SCC as the index SCC and excludes Bowen disease (SCC in situ) and recurrences. The highest cumulative risk of 23% at 3 years is from 2 studies: an incidence study by Chuang et al 27 in Hawaii using the same criteria as in the other study, and a study by Frankel et al 19 from 2 Mohs practices in the United States. Thirteen percent of the patients included in the study by Frankel et al 19 had had more than one previous SCC and Bowen disease included as index tumors.…”

“…In all 5 studies, the index SCC was not always the first NMSC. Only the study by Frankel et al 19 discussed the risk factors associated with an increased risk of a subsequent SCC. No relation of age and sex to risk was noted.…”

“…The 3-year cumulative risk is about doubled in patients with 3 or more prior NMSCs. [17][18][19]25,26 Although increasing age and male sex are strong predictors of SCC and BCC risk in the general population, they do not seem to be strong risk factors for NMSC after an NMSC. Only 2 studies noted older age and male sex as modest risk factors.…”

Facial Resurfacing for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Prophylaxis

“…20 New primary NMSC is estimated to occur in 6% to 44% of patients with a history of BCC or SCC, particularly in those with a history of multiple lesions. 5,21,22 In a critical review of the literature and a meta-analysis of subsequent NMSC in patients with a history of NMSC, Marcil and Stern 5 described an 18% 3-year cumulative risk of SCC Abbreviations: AK, actinic keratosis; NA, not applicable; NMSC, nonmelanoma skin cancer. *Cancer incidence is expressed as the total number of new NMSCs diagnosed in the treated facial area divided by the total number of patient-years followed in each group.…”

Contribution of microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation to retinal degenerative diseases

“…In the adult retina, microglial cells are distributed in the plexiform layers, GCL and nerve fiber layer (NFL), showing highly motile protrusions that survey the surrounding environment [26,[34][35][36][37][38][39]. The movement of their processes occurs in all directions, and it is unaccompanied by soma migration [40], suggesting that the process dynamics may also serve to exchange signals between neighboring microglia, and may help explaining laminar retinal microglia distribution [41].…”