New nanomaterials for applications in conservation and restoration of stony materials: A review

Sierra-Fernández, Aránzazu; Gomez-Villalba, L. S.; Rabanal, M.E.; Fort, Rafael

doi:10.3989/mc.2017.07616

Cited by 128 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…Many works have proven that metallic nanoparticles have powerful antimicrobial, antifungal and antialgae properties. Over the past few years, several experiments with these substances have been carried out for the mitigation of microbial colonization on stone surfaces specially in Cultural Heritage Restoration (Sierra-Fernández et al, 2017). The main limitation for their use is that almost all heavy metals containing these particles are highly toxic for most lifeforms including humans.…”

Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lampenflora in show caves and its treatment: an emerging ecological problem

Estévez¹,

Moreno-Merino²,

Román³

et al. 2019

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The artificial lighting of caves adapted for touristic visits, leads to the appearance and propagation of a complex community of phototrophic organisms known as "lampenflora". Formed mainly by algae and cyanobacteria, they produce the degradation of the colonized substrates and decrease the show value of the caves. This phenomenon became famous worldwide in the 1960s due to the damage caused to the paintings in the Lascaux Cave (France). Since then it has become an issue of serious concern to both managers of show caves and to the international scientific community. Over time, the problem has been approached following two complementary strategies: preventing colonization by the invading organisms or eliminating them once they have become established through the use of chemical products, mainly biocides and strong oxidants. This kind of treatment generates pollutant effluents that can move the problem from the walls of the caves to the groundwater. This paper presents a critical literature review of the problem and the proposed solutions, and emphasizes the need for further study of the optimal doses of treatment chemicals and to develop quantitative methods to determine their effectiveness. . The lampenflora in show caves and its treatment: an emerging ecological problem.

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Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lampenflora in show caves and its treatment: an emerging ecological problem

Estévez¹,

Moreno-Merino²,

Román³

et al. 2019

IJS

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“…In the case of TEOS-based products, cracking also occurred due to the TEOS/organometallic catalyst ratio [7,8]. As one of the most important drawbacks of alkoxysilanes is the trend to form superficial cracking layers and the lack of penetration through the fissure system of the stone [3][4][5], different strategies have been adopted in the recent years in order to obtain the highest product penetration avoiding surface accumulation, such as the application of nanotechnology to the consolidants' manufacturing [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanotechnology allows the incorporation of silicon dioxide nanoparticles to consolidants to enhance the dispersion stability and the penetration through fissures [9][10][11]. Zendri et al [11] working with a colloidal suspension of silica nanoparticles of 10-15 nm, sodium silicate and ethyl silicate with calcium carbonate and quartz, found that these consolidants constitute gels of amorphous silica that after the evaporation of the solvent were transformed into xerogels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aesthetic Effects on Granite of Adding Nanoparticle TiO2 to Si-Based Consolidants (Ethyl Silicate or Nano-Sized Silica)

2020

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Considering that consolidant products are commonly used in the cultural heritage field and the titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 ) have been used to develop photocatalyst films to induce self-cleaning property, the scientific research on consolidants doped with TiO 2 is justified. However, the addition of TiO 2 can affect to the physical properties of the cultural heritage object, questioning the adequacy of the procedure. In this paper, we evaluated the influence of nanoparticle TiO 2 addition to two different commercial consolidant products (ethyl silicate or nano-sized silica) on the appearance and the color of a granite and the penetration through its fissure system. The stone was previously subjected to high temperature simulating the effect of a fire and the subsequent tap water jet to cool down. Therefore, different concentrations of nanocrystalline TiO 2 (0.5, 1, and 3 wt %) were considered. The different compositions were also studied considering the compactness, the extent and the thickness of the superficial xerogel coating, and as well the penetration of the consolidant.The minimal TiO 2 concentration tested (0.5 wt %) implied a low-medium risk of incompatibility as an intervention in cultural heritage field, because its low-medium potential as inducer of visible color changes of the granite surface. Regardless of the TiO 2 content, the nano-sized silica induced surface xerogel coatings more compact and continue than those formed in the ethyl silicate coated surfaces. Higher penetration rates were identified in the granite treated with nano-sized silica colloidal solution, while ethyl silicate was only found in the first few µm. It was found that penetration could depend on the application procedure, the solvent of the consolidant and the silica particle size. The TiO 2 addition reduced the penetration of the nano-sized silica consolidant.

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“…In this sense, a quite valuable effort seems to be provided by nanotechnologies and nanomaterials, recently successfully employed also for stone conservation issues [14]. Among nanoparticles (NPs) based products tested on marbles, nanolime stand out; both commercial and research products have been tested on marbles by monitoring its efficacy both in laboratory condition [5,15,16] and in situ [13,17].…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%