New insights into the special theory of relativity

Abstract

-In the 20 th century, physics has understood space and time as being coupled into a "spacetime" manifold, a fundamental arena in which everything takes place. Space-time was considered to have three spatial dimensions and one temporal dimension. Out of the mathematical formalism for the fourth space-time component X4 = ict one can conclude that time t is only a numerical order of material change, i.e., the motion that we obtain with clocks. Time is not a 4 th dimension of space. For the description of the Special Theory of Relativity it is here proposed an Minkowski 4D space whilst time t is merely a numerical order of a photon motion in a 4D space. This view opens new perspectives on the understanding of the quantum entanglement, where the 4D space becomes an immediate medium for quantum communication. X is a spatial distance. Considering time as being the fourth dimension of space does not seem appropriate from the physical point of view. It is more appropriate to see the Minkowskian arena as a 4D space rather than a 3D+T space-time. Some relevant theoretical results (regarding state space, for example) and experimental results (regarding the "immediate physical phenomena", namely phenomena that occur with an elapsed clock run equal to zero) suggest that the standard space-time cannot be considered as the fundamental arena of the universe and thus that the space-time manifold characteristic of the standard interpretation of special relativity must be replaced with a 4D space where time exists only as a measuring system of the numerical order of material change. a) sorli@spacelife.si b) dusan@bistra.si c) fiscalettidavide@libero.it

Perspectives of the Numerical Order of Material Changes in Timeless Approaches in Physics

“…reticular space-time dynamics, one can assume that quanta of space having the size of Planck length l p = hG c 3 are the fundamental constituents of space and that Planck time t p = hG c 5 is the least unit of motion [50][51][52]. Therefore, the interesting perspective is opened that Planck time constitutes the most elementary unit of the fundamental time and, as a consequence, that emergent time-as a duration of material change which originates from observer's measurement-may be expressed as a sum of many elementary units of the fundamental time, namely: [53]. As regards the exploration and investigation of these interesting perspectives, further research will give you more information.…”

Bijective Epistemology and Space–Time

“…In the recent papers Time is a reference system derived from light speed and Replacing time with numerical order of material change resolves Zeno problems on motion, the authors of this article have gone beyond by suggesting the following concept of time: the symbol of time appearing in all mathematical formalisms of physics is a mathematical quantity which measures the numerical order of material changes, i.e. motions (Sorli et al 2010(Sorli et al , 2011. In this way, by applying the bijective epistemology, each change of the states (of the universe or of any physical system), as an element of the subset EX of the universe set X, has a given numerical order T X and corresponds exactly to an element (energy change) of the subset EY of the model set Y with numerical order T Y where f(TX) = T Y .…”

On the Origin of the Observer

“…Time is not 4 th dimension of space and does not flow in space by itself as a physical reality in which changes run. [10]. From this perspective "arrow of time" has only a mathematical existence pointing in the direction of numerical order flow: ,1 ,2 ,…”