New Horizons for the Study of Dietary Fiber and Health: A Review

Fuller, Stacey; Beck, Eleanor; Salman, Hayfa; Tapsell, Linda C.

doi:10.1007/s11130-016-0529-6

Cited by 269 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Soluble fiber has consistently been reported to accelerate peristaltic activity by maintaining higher acidity levels because fiber fermentation results in SCFA production by intestinal coliform bacteria in rats [37]. Generally, the cactus pulp is an important source of pectin, which constitutes up to 70% of its total raw fiber, while the peel and seeds are composed of cellulose, with its levels constituting 71 and 83%, respectively [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cactus (Opuntia humifusa) water extract ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in rats

Han

Park

Kim

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundKorean cactus Cheonnyuncho (Opuntia humifusa) is rich in pectin, phenols, flavonoids, and minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. Some Koreans drink Cheonnyuncho juice prepared by grinding Cheonnyuncho with water. Cheonnyuncho is well known for its functional properties and antioxidant effects, but its effect on constipation has not been sufficiently studied.MethodsLoperamide (2 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously to induce constipation in rats. The animals were divided into four groups: a normal group (NOR), constipation control group (CON), and two constipation groups receiving the Cheonnyuncho extract (CE) at two different concentrations in drinking water, 3% (L-CE group) and 6% (H-CE group), for 25 days.ResultsThe fecal pellet numbers of NOR and L-CE were significantly increased from 35.67 ± 2.09 (CON) to 50.60 ± 1.38 and 46.50 ± 2.91 after loperamide treatment, respectively (p < 0.05). The water content of fecal excretions was significantly enhanced in only the L-CE group (33.05 ± 0.49%) compared to control (23.38 ± 1.26%) (p < 0.05) after loperamide treatment. The oral intake of CE (L-CE and H-CE groups) significantly increased levels of the intestinal transit ratio (45.25 ± 1.86% and 41.05 ± 2.47%, respectively) compared to the CON group (32.15 ± 2.05%) (p < 0.05). Treatment with the low concentration of CE significantly increased fecal levels of acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric acids, as well as the total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration. Histological analyses revealed that the thickness of the distal colon also increased in the CE-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner.ConclusionsConstipation decreased when CE was fed to the rats. In particular, the fecal pellet number and water content, as well as histological parameters such as distal colon thickness, improved. The CE treatment also increased the fecal SCFA content. These results show that the extract of Cheonnyuncho (O. humifusa) alleviated the symptoms of loperamide-induced constipation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cactus (Opuntia humifusa) water extract ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in rats

Han

Park

Kim

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…The animals, fed on Pereskia aculeata, rich in fibers (56.85%), had low feed ingestion, probably due to taste, since one of the main effects of fiber-rich diets is increase in satiety and, therefore, decrease in appetite (Pinto et al, 2015;Fuller et al, 2016).…”

Section: Determination Of Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pereskia aculeata: biological analysis on wistar rats

et al. 2017

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Pereskia aculeata Mill., a species of the family Cactaceous, popularly known in Brazil as ora-pro-nobis, has high protein, vitamin and mineral contents. High essential amino acid concentrations should be underscored, suggesting a better evaluation of the fractions. Current study quantifies amino acid content and the chemical score (CS) of protein amino acids, determining in vivo digestibility, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) of P. aculeata. Plant material was collected, washed, placed in an oven at 60 °C, ground and stored in a freezer for chemical analysis. Diets that maintain isoproteic and isocaloric characteristics were prepared for the bioassay, namely: casein (no protein) and Pereskia aculeata leaves-based flour. Eighteen male albino Wistar rats, divided into three experimental groups of 6 animals each, were used to evaluate protein quality and bioavailability of micronutrients. Pereskia aculeata flour provided as a single source is inadequate for growth, although it is relevant for maintaining protein metabolism indicated by net protein ratio (2.87). It is actually a good quality protein source due to few limiting essential amino acids, and it meets the diet requirements for humans.Keywords: Ora-pro-nobis; protein quality; digestibility; PER; NPR; PDCAAS.Practical Application: Pereskia aculeata when provided as a single source is not adequate for proper growth, however it is important the adequacy of maintaining the protein metabolism indicated by net protein ratio. During the experiment, animals fed on Pereskia aculeata gained less weight when compared with animals fed on casein, mean weekly feed consumption was also low. And it is a good protein source good quality due to present few limiting essential amino acids and thus are able to meet the needs for the diet in humans.

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“…Dietary fibers, such as inulin-type fructans, are selectively used and fermented by the gut, and several studies have demonstrated their health benefits [1–4]. For example, these non-digestible carbohydrates have been demonstrated to reduce weight gain and related metabolic disorders via specific actions on food intake [5–7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructans from Agave tequilana with a Lower Degree of Polymerization Prevent Weight Gain, Hyperglycemia and Liver Steatosis in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Márquez-Aguirre¹,

Camacho-Ruíz

Gutiérrez-Mercado³

et al. 2016

Plant Foods Hum Nutr

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Fructans from agave have received specific attention because of their highly branched fructan content. We have previously reported that the degree of polymerization (dp) influences their biological activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of unfractionated and fractionated fructans (higher and lower dps) from Agave tequilana in high-fat diet-induced (HFD) obese mice. Fructans with a lower dp (HFD+ScF) decreased weight gain by 30 %, body fat mass by 51 %, hyperglycemia by 25 % and liver steatosis by 40 %. Interestingly, unfractionated fructans (HFD+F) decreased glucose and triglycerides (TG), whereas fractionated fructans with a higher dp (HFD+LcF) decreased TG but not glucose; in contrast, HFD+ScF decreased glucose but not TG. Our findings suggest that both higher and lower dp agave fructans have complementary effects in metabolic disorders related to obesity. These findings may contribute to the development of improved food supplements with a specific ratio combination of fructans with different dps.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11130-016-0578-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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New Horizons for the Study of Dietary Fiber and Health: A Review

Cited by 269 publications

References 73 publications

Cactus (Opuntia humifusa) water extract ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in rats

Cactus (Opuntia humifusa) water extract ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in rats

Pereskia aculeata: biological analysis on wistar rats

Fructans from Agave tequilana with a Lower Degree of Polymerization Prevent Weight Gain, Hyperglycemia and Liver Steatosis in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

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