New developments in the formation of nanotubes from coal

Wilson, Michael; Patney, Harish K.; Kalman, John R.

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(00)00192-7

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Figure 6(a) show a TEM micrograph of CNTs with 35 and 110 nm inner and outer diameter, respectively. The CNTs were similar to the microfilaments produced from coal in which graphitic planes were not aligned parallel to the inner void, as reported by Wilson et al 18 Figure 6(b) displays a TEM micrograph of BCNTs with 20, 70 and 100 nm tube diameter, small bead diameter and big bead diameter, respectively. The grey and black strips across the BCNTs were an unusual feature from our present understanding.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Atomic force microscopy imaging and cutting of beaded carbon nanotubes deposited on glass

Singjai

Songmee

Tunkasiri

et al. 2002

Surface & Interface Analysis

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We use contact force mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the structures and to cut carbon nanotubes (CNTs) adsorbed on a glass slide. In addition to regular CNTs, beaded carbon nanotubes (BCNTs) were also observed when preparing products using electric current heating with the pencil technique. Imaging by contact force mode AFM could be achieved at low contact force, whereas cutting could be operated at a higher contact force in conjunction with the y-scan direction being disabled. Cutting of BCNTs can be done without any translation of the beaded tubes. It is believed that the similar ingredients of the beaded oxides and the glass slide make them bond preferentially by chemical force. Furthermore, the morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Atomic force microscopy imaging and cutting of beaded carbon nanotubes deposited on glass

Singjai

Songmee

Tunkasiri

et al. 2002

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…For the optimisation process, the total cost of the input materials must be lesser than that of the output product. It is seen from the past experimental research works [2,3,[7][8][9], the work has been done on Bituminous and An-thracite coal samples. From the domestic coal, cost fixed by Coal India Ltd. the coal costs are as stated in Table 1.…”

Section: Optimisation Of Voltage and Current Used In The Carbon Nanotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Electrical Parameters for Production of Carbon Nanotubes

Chattopadhyay¹,

Singh²

2012

JMMCE

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For more than two decades, there had been extensive research on the production of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and optimization of its manufacture for the industrial applications. It is believed that they are the strong enough but most flexible materials known to mankind. They have potential to take part in new nanofabricated materials. It is known that, carbon nanotubes could behave as the ultimate one-dimensional material with remarkable mechanical properties. Moreover, carbon nanotubes exhibit strong electrical and thermal conducting properties. In the process of optimizing the production in line with the industrial application, the researchers have found a new material to act as an anode i.e. coal, which is inexpensive as compared to graphite. There are various methods such as arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), template-directed synthesis and the use of the growth of CNTs in the presence of catalyst particles. The production of carbon nanotubes in large quantities is possible with inexpensive coal as the starting carbon source by the arc discharge technique. It is found that a large amount of carbon nanotubes of good quality can be obtained in the cathode deposits in which carbon nanotubes are present in nest-like bundles. This paper primarily concentrates on the optimising such parameters related to the mass production of the product. It has been shown through Simplex process that based on the cost of the SWNT obtained by the arc discharge technique, the voltage and the current should lie in the range of 30 -42 V and 49 -66 A respectively. Any combination above the given values will lead to a power consumption cost beyond the final product cost, in turn leading to infeasibility of the process.

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“…Details of the arcing process have been reported elsewhere 3,8,10,14,17. A 6.33 x 150 mm graphite rod was prepared for arcing by drilling a 3.77 x 100 mm hole down its axis.…”

Section: Experimental Plasma Arcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereochemistry of carbon nanotubes for electronic applications

et al. 2001

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Results are presented from studies to prepare carbon nanotubes of single geometry.Carbon nanotubes of certain stereochemistry have been found to be conductive. Others have been found to be excellent transistors, and together nanoelectronic devices have already been formed from them including logic gate circuits. Two synthetic approaches have been tried, namely plasma arcing in the presence of additives and ball milling. In plasma arcing, cathode deposits are altered by the presence of naphthalene in the feed material The mixture of nanotubes so formed has a larger average void size than that formed in the absence of naphthalene. The results support proposed mechanisms of nanotube formation which involve growth by incorporation of carbon atoms into open tubes. They also show that naphthalene can be directly incorporated into fullerene black and thereby increase the number of hexagonal sheet structures in the carbon deposit. Work so far in ball milling has been confined to studies of the destruction of graphite crystalline phases.

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New developments in the formation of nanotubes from coal

Cited by 32 publications

References 61 publications

Atomic force microscopy imaging and cutting of beaded carbon nanotubes deposited on glass

Atomic force microscopy imaging and cutting of beaded carbon nanotubes deposited on glass

Optimization of Electrical Parameters for Production of Carbon Nanotubes

Stereochemistry of carbon nanotubes for electronic applications

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