New chromosome numbers, meiotic behaviour and pollen fertility in American taxa of Lupinus (Leguminosae): contributions to taxonomic and evolutionary studies

Abstract

Original chromosome determinations are presented for 20 American Lupinus taxa, including, for the first time, unifoliolate species, together with first data on meiotic behaviour and pollen fertility for some South American species. Most of the Brazilian multifoliolate L. lanatus , L. rubriflorus , L. multiflorus , L. paranensis , L. bracteolaris and L. reitzii and unifoliolate L. crotalarioides , L. guaraniticus and L. velutinus accessions analysed presented regular chromosome pairing. Meiotic indexes and estimations of pollen viability were higher than 90% for all species and accessions analysed, reflecting the generally regular meiotic behaviour of these plants. Chromosome numbers were determined for the first time for the eastern South-American species L. guaraniticus , L. crotalarioides , L. paranensis , L. paraguariensis and L. velutinus ( n = 18 or 2 n = 36) and for the Andean L. ballianus , L. eanophyllus , L. huaronensis , L. semperflorens , plus another eight taxa (2 n = 48) from Peru and Bolivia, and L. bandelierae (2 n = 36) from Bolivia. Chromosome numbers were confirmed for L. lanatus , L. rubriflorus (2 n = 36), L. bracteolaris (2 n = 34) and L. microphyllus (2 n = 48). In the three accessions of the North American unifoliolate species, L. cumulicola and L. villosus , a chromosome number (2 n = 52) previously unknown among American taxa was found. The results of the study, plus published data, support the suggestions that south-eastern South American species are a group cytologically differentiated from the Andean as well as from most other American ones, and that the Brazilian and the North American unifoliolate Lupinus had independent origins.

New data and phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic Old World lupin: Lupinus mariae-josephi H. Pascual

“…Interestingly, recent molecular phylogenetic analyses supported the latter as a monophyletic group, which exhibited closer relationships to the Old World lupins than to the New World ones (Hughes and Eastwood 2006). Most frequent numbers recorded in the New World were 2n = 48 for almost all western American lupins; and 2n = 36 (with some putative dysploids exhibiting 2n = 32 or 34) for southeastern South American and southern North American (Texas) lupins (Conterato and Schifino-Wittmann 2006; and references therein).…”

“…Other numbers reported in this group were 2n = 50 and 40 for L. albus and L. angustifolius, respectively; whereas rough seeded lupins have lower chromosome numbers, ranging from 2n = 32 to 42 (Gladstones 1998; and references therein). In the New World, the number 2n = 52 was reported for L. villosus and L. cumulicola (Conterato and Schifino-Wittmann 2006), two members of the singular unifoliolate monophyletic group from southeastern North America. Interestingly, recent molecular phylogenetic analyses supported the latter as a monophyletic group, which exhibited closer relationships to the Old World lupins than to the New World ones (Hughes and Eastwood 2006).…”

“…On one side, hundreds of annual and perennial digitated-leaf lupins with herbaceous and woody habits occur in the New World. They behave as self-or out-crossing plants and display a generally stable chromosome number of 2n = 48 (rarely 96) in most western American lupins, 2n = 32 to 36, and 52 in species with digitated or simple leaves growing in southern (Texas) and southeastern (Florida) North America, and southeastern South America (Maciel and Schifino-Wittmann 2002;Conterato and Schifino-Wittmann 2006; and references therein). On the other side, only eleven to twelve species are recognized as native from the Old World (Gladstones 1998).…”

Legume Crops Phylogeny and Genetic Diversity for Science and Breeding

“…Despite the much larger number of Lupinus species in the New World, the diversity of chromosome numbers is remarkably less than in Old World species. Chromosome numbers are typically 2n = 48 for Andean and North American species and 2n = 36 for southeastern South American species, with a few exceptions, including putative autotetraploids (Conterato and Schifino-Wittmann, 2006). DNA contents range from 2C = 1.08 pg to 2C = 2.68 pg, with North American species showing the widest range of DNA contents .…”

Números cromossômicos em espécies de Acosmium Schott e Leptolobium Vogel (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae)

“…Em Papilionoideae, recentemente destacam-se trabalhos envolvendo contagens e cariótipos de cromossomos para subsidiar a sistemática em nível genérico ou infragenérico, como os de Maciel & Schifino-Wittmann (2002), Mendonça Filho et al (2002, Sede et al (2003), Flores et al (2006) e Conterato et al (2006;.…”