The study of π-conjugated
oligomers has garnered significant
interest because of their use in organic optoelectronic devices, such
as organic light-emitting diodes or organic field-effect transistors.
Herein, we varied the inner heterocyclic units of pyridyl (Pyr)-capped
π-conjugated oligomers consisting of furan (F) and thiophene
(T) subunits to afford homomeric (Pyr
2
F
3
and Pyr
2
T
3
)
and heteromeric (Pyr
2
F
2
T and Pyr
2
T
2
F) molecules as applicable semiconducting building blocks.
The oligomers were synthesized, and their solution- and solid-state
spectroscopic properties were characterized. Compared to their thiophene
congeners, oligomers with furans directly attached to the pyridyl
moieties (Pyr
2
F
3
and Pyr
2
F
2
T) gave rise
to larger solution-state quantum yields and optical band gaps. Oligomers
possessing a central furan subunit (Pyr
2
F
3
and Pyr
2
T
2
F), on the other hand, were found to be nearly nonemissive
in the solid state, which is attributed to nonradiative decay likely
caused by π–π stacking interactions. Unlike the Pyr
2
T
2
F hybrid oligomer, Pyr
2
F
2
T exhibited not only a comparatively high solution-state quantum yield
(7%) but also the brightest solid-state quantum yield emission (5%)
and photostability (98%) when evaluated under ambient conditions.
Density functional theory (DFT) computations support these trends,
indicating that the largest HOMO–LUMO energy gaps and optical
band gaps are possessed by Pyr
2
F
3
and Pyr
2
F
2
T while those of Pyr
2
T
2
F and Pyr
2
T
3
are
the lowest among the oligomers considered here (i.e., Pyr
2
F
3
> Pyr
2
F
2
T > Pyr
2
T
2
F > Pyr
2
T
3
).
These results suggest that hybrid furan–thiophene oligomerslike
that of Pyr
2
F
2
Tcould serve as viable building
blocks for optoelectronic devices, while possessing the positive attributes
of both individual heterocycles in a synergistic manner.