“…With the transition from the “small science” era dominated by independent scientific exploration to the “big science” era of collaborative innovation driven by multiple institutions (Vignieri et al, 2022), such as governments, enterprises, industries, universities, colleges, research institutions, governments, universities and institutions of society, scientific research collaboration has become an important approach to meeting the needs of national strategic development. The key to collaborative innovation lies in optimizing the cooperation system, leveraging the strength of different unites and effectively tackle complex challenges together (Walsh, Murphy, & Horan, 2020).…”