New Bone Growth Due to Cold Water in the Ears

Prevalence and severity of external auditory exostoses in breath-hold divers

“…The regression model proposed supports assertions in the literature that, in susceptible individuals, 2 , 15 there is a threshold temperature 1 – 3 , 6 , 9 , 15 below which external auditory exostosis development is accelerated, and that the rate of acceleration observed in the current cohort represents an increase of 2.5 per cent external auditory exostosis stenosis for every 1°C drop in sea surface temperature. Kennedy's 4 model of exposure latitude as a predictor for external auditory exostosis development in prehistoric populations has been masked by its high collinearity (6.387 > 1.000) with sea surface temperature.…”

The prevalence of exostoses in the external auditory meatus of surfers

“…Experimental evidence has also shown that the bony formation is directly related to the number of irrigations of the external auditory meatus. 7 Although it is not significant ( P = 0.1), a relationship between the number of days spent surfing and the degree of canal stenosis is certainly suggested in the current series. The lack of significance may be explained by subjects spending more time surfing in the past than at the time of the survey.…”

Noninvasive Localized Cold Therapy: A New Mode of Bone Repair Enhancement

“…B oth epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a phenomenon that surfers exposed to cold water (19°C and lower) for prolonged periods of time develop external auditory canal exostosis, commonly known as surfer's ear. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] A similar condition has also been reported in paranasal sinuses. [9][10][11][12] The degree of exostosis showed a significant correlation with cold water exposure time.…”