New biomarkers in endometriosis

Coutinho, Larissa Milani; Ferreira, Mariana Costa; Rocha, Ana Luiza Lunardi; Carneiro, Márcia Mendonça; Reis, Fernando M.

doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2018.12.002

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Most studies have identified differential miRNA expression by comparing disease-free patients with those with endometriosis, and a number of studies have only analyzed the eutopic endometrium in a certain phase of the menstrual cycle (25)(26)(27). However, different endometriosis tissues, including those of endometrioma and peritoneal and ovarian endometriosis, express different profiles of miRNAs, and miRNA expression may or may not vary throughout the menstrual cycle phases (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of miR‑135a/b expression in endometriosis lesions

et al. 2019

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The pathogenesis of endometriosis is not clear; however, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are involved in the pathogenesis. miRNAs are short noncoding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by silencing the expression of target genes. The expression of miR-135a/b is associated with endometrial receptivity and implantation; the expression is also associated with the expression of certain genes, including homeobox protein Hox-A10 (HOXA-10). The present study investigated the expression of miR-135a/b in eutopic and ectopic endometrium tissues throughout the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Samples of ectopic endometriosis lesions and eutopic endometrium tissue from 23 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery were obtained and analyzed. miRNA was extracted and the expression levels of miR-135a/b were determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays using U6 as a housekeeping control. The expression levels of miR-135a and miR-135b in endometriosis lesions were decreased compared with the levels in endometrium tissue. However, miR-135a/b expression levels were increased in the secretory phase compared with the proliferative phase in endometriosis lesions. The increased expression of miR-135a/b during the secretory phase compared with the proliferative phase suggested that these genes serve a determinant role in the homeostasis of reproductive tissue. Therefore, the expression of genes may affect endometrial functioning, impairing embryo implantation.Abbreviations: miRNA, microRNA; HOXA10, homeobox protein Hox-A10; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RNA, ribonucleic acid

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of miR‑135a/b expression in endometriosis lesions

et al. 2019

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“…[ 6 ] The typical chronic inflammatory process of endometriosis involves many factors, such as hormones, cytokines, glycoproteins, and angiogenic factors, which are related to the pathogenesis of the disease and some of these factors may be expected to perform as endometriosis biomarkers. [ 7 ] As illustrated in Figure 1 , a variety of other blood markers have also been investigated during the past decades, including markers of apoptosis; cell adhesion molecules and other matrix-related proteins; cytoskeleton molecules; nerve growth markers; oxidative stress markers; tumor markers; and other peptides/proteins shown to influence key events in endometriosis. [ 8 , 9 ] Among the above-mentioned factors, cancer antigen-125 (CA-125), cancer antigen-199 (CA-199), urocortin (UCN), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have received much attention as the promising biomarkers for endometriosis.…”

Section: Classical Blood Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current biomarkers for the detection of endometriosis

Tian

Chang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Chinese Medical Journal

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A clinically reliable non-invasive test for endometriosis is expected to reduce the diagnostic delay. Although varieties of biomarkers have been investigated for decades, and cancer antigen-125, cancer antigen-199, interleukin-6, and urocortin were the most studied ones among hundreds of biomarkers, no clinically reliable biomarkers have been confirmed so far. Some emerging technologies including “omics” technologies, molecular imaging techniques, and microRNAs are promising in solving these challenges, but their utility to detect endometriosis has yet to be verified. New combinations of researched indicators or other non-invasive methods and further exploration of the emerging technologies may be new targets and future research hotspots for non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. In conclusion, researches of biomarkers for the detection of endometriosis are still ongoing and may benefit from novel molecular biology, bioinformatics methods and a combination of more diverse monitoring methods. Though it will be a daunting task, the identification of a specific set of diagnostic biomarkers will undoubtedly improve the status of endometriosis.

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“…The tissue outbreaks, leading to inflammatory, adherential, and scarring processes that can result in local chronic inflammatory environment that, in turn, further contributes to disease progression [2]. Indeed, endometriosis is considered a pelvic inflammatory condition; in women with endometriosis, peritoneal fluid is characterized by an increased number of activated macrophages and high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-8 [3][4][5][6]. The shedding of menstrual endometrial fragments into the peritoneal cavity induces inflammation, and in response to their presence, neutrophils and macrophages are recruited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Endometrium: High Levels in Endometriotic Lesions

Luddi

Marrocco

Governini

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Endometriosis is a condition defined as presence of endometrium outside of the uterine cavity. These endometrial cells are able to attach and invade the peritoneum or ovary, thus forming respectively the deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and the ovarian endometrioma (OMA), the ectopic lesions feature of this pathology. Endometriotic cells display high invasiveness and share some features of malignancy with cancer cells. Indeed, the tissue remodeling underlining lesion formation is achieved by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors. Therefore, these molecules are believed to play a key role in development and pathogenesis of endometriosis. This study investigated the molecular profile of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in healthy (n = 15) and eutopic endometrium (n = 19) in OMA (n = 10) and DIE (n = 9); moreover, we firstly validated the most reliable housekeeping genes allowing accurate gene expression analysis in these tissues. Gene expression, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis of MMP2, MMP3, and MMP10 and their tissue inhibitors TIMP1 and TIMP2 demonstrated that these enzymes are finely tuned in these tissues. In OMA lesions, all the investigated MMPs and their inhibitors were significantly increased, while DIE expressed high levels of MMP3. Finally, in vitro TNFα treatment induced a significant upregulation of MMP3, MMP10, and TIMP2 in both healthy and eutopic endometrial stromal cells. This study, shedding light on MMP and TIMP expression in endometriosis, confirms that these molecules are altered both in eutopic endometrium and endometriotic lesions. Although further studies are needed, these data may help in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the extracellular matrix remodeling, a crucial process for the endometrial physiology.

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New biomarkers in endometriosis

Cited by 50 publications

References 76 publications

Evaluation of miR‑135a/b expression in endometriosis lesions

Evaluation of miR‑135a/b expression in endometriosis lesions

Current biomarkers for the detection of endometriosis

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Endometrium: High Levels in Endometriotic Lesions

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