Neutrophil left shift and white blood cell count as markers of bacterial infection

Honda, Takayuki; Uehara, Takeshi; Matsumoto, Go; Arai, Shinpei; Sugano, Mitsutoshi

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2016.03.017

Cited by 170 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

118

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The presence of these immature cells tends to indicate that the demand for neutrophils exceeds its supply. As we found no clinical evidence of malaise, and the other WBC populations in these pups were within the ranges, it is possible that their presence was an early indication of subclinical infection [50]. Alternatively, the high numbers of band neutrophils could be undernutrition, as has been reported for starving juvenile Northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Climatic anomaly affects the immune competence of California sea lions

Banuet-Martínez

Aquino

Elorriaga‐Verplancken

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The past decades have been characterized by a growing number of climatic anomalies. As these anomalies tend to occur suddenly and unexpectedly, it is often difficult to procure empirical evidence of their effects on natural populations. We analysed how the recent sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the northeastern Pacific Ocean affects body condition, nutritional status, and immune competence of California sea lion pups. We found that pup body condition and blood glucose levels of the pups were lower during high SST events, although other biomarkers of malnutrition remained unchanged, suggesting that pups were experiencing early stages of starvation. Glucose-dependent immune responses were affected by the SST anomaly; specifically, pups born during high SST events had lower serum concentrations of IgG and IgA, and were unable to respond to an immune challenge. This means that not only were pups that were born during the SST anomaly less able to synthesize protective antibodies; they were also limited in their ability to respond rapidly to nonspecific immune challenges. Our study provides empirical evidence that atypical climatic conditions can limit energetic reserves and compromise physiological responses that are essential for the survival of a marine top predator.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Climatic anomaly affects the immune competence of California sea lions

Banuet-Martínez

Aquino

Elorriaga‐Verplancken

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions often lead to an enhanced (emergency) granulopoiesis in the bone marrow 28,29 that will subsequently lead to the appearance of immature neutrophils in the circulation, often referred as a left shift 30 . Similarly, in a model of systemic inflammation, human experimental endotoxemia also leads to the appearance of banded neutrophils in the circulation 31 .…”

Section: Ldns In Disease Are Heterogeneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the origin of low-density neutrophils

Hassani

Hellebrekers

Chen

et al. 2020

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Here we elaborate on the origin of low(er)-density neutrophils (LDNs) to better understand the variation found in literature. Supplemented with original data, we test the hypothesis that buoyant density of neutrophils is characterized by a spectrum that as a whole shifts to a lower density after activation. Both the 20% highest density (HDNs) and 20% lowest density (LDNs) neutrophils from healthy donors were isolated by Percoll of different densities. Using this method we found that LDNs were significantly better in T-cell suppression and bacterial containment than their 20% highest density counterparts. We found no statistically relevant differences in neutrophil survival or bacterial phagocytosis. Stimulation of healthy donor neutrophils with N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine induced LDNs co-segregating with peripheral blood mononuclear cells after Ficoll separation. These in vitro induced LDNs showed increased activation markers compared to HDNs and were comparable to the activation markers found on the LDN fraction seen in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions such as present in cancer patients. This all fits with the hypothesis that the density of neutrophils is distributed in a spectrum partially coupled to maturation. Additionally a shift in this spectrum can be induced by in vitro stimulation or by activation in disease. K E Y W O R D Sgranulocytes, LDG, neutrophil subsets INTRODUCTIONNeutrophils are main actors in the innate immune system. Until recently neutrophils were thought to belong to a relative homogeneous population of cells. However, an increasing number of studies now show heterogeneity in morphology, phenotype, function, or a combination of these factors. 1 One of the subtypes of neutrophils identified and studied is the low-density neutrophil (LDN). It was first recognized in 1986, when neutrophils co-segregated with mononuclear cells after density-gradient isolation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis patients. 2 Thereafter, the presence of LDNs have been shown in several, mostly chronic, diseases. 3

show abstract

“…Therefore, could be because there is a continuous proliferation of immature cells in circulation (left shift). This indicates that neutrophil Black spot indicating fungal growth White creamy spot of C. albicanon SDA consumption in the tissues surpasses supply in the bone marrow (Honder et al, 2016). Moreover, the significant increase in the percentage of lymphocytes in the immunized groups when compared to both controls could be because after immunization, the rats became sensitized and this result to the stimulation of memory cells to produce a substantial amount of lymphocytes (Delvis, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Response of Albino Rats Immunized with UV-Killed Candida albicans

Ibrahim

Umar

Busu

2019

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The treatments of systemic candidiasis in humans with the current antifungal drugs of choice such as azole derivatives and amphotericin B have raised issues of toxicity and resistance among others. The immunogenic property of killed C. albicans was explored to evoke immunological response in the possible prevention of candidemia. Rats were immunized after acclimatization on two occasions with 10 6 cells/ml of Ultraviolet radiation killed C. albicans and subsequently challenged with 10 6 viable C. albicans. Two other groups; positive and negative controls received same dose of viable C. albicans and normal saline respectively. Five rats each from the groups mentioned were bled for the determination of antibody titers and white blood cell differentials. Also, other rats from the three groups were observed for 28 days for survival after challenge to determine the protective effect of the ultraviolet killed C. albicans. The results revealed that Ultraviolet killed C. albicans stimulated a significant amount of antibodies and white blood cell differentials that were immunoprotective. We also found that all immunized rats survived challenge with 10 6 viable cells while the kidneys of the dead unimmunized rats showed a positive growth of C. albicans. Thus, Ultraviolet killed C. albicans could provide significant protection.

show abstract

Neutrophil left shift and white blood cell count as markers of bacterial infection

Cited by 170 publications

References 29 publications

Climatic anomaly affects the immune competence of California sea lions

Climatic anomaly affects the immune competence of California sea lions

On the origin of low-density neutrophils

Immunological Response of Albino Rats Immunized with UV-Killed Candida albicans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About