Neutron radiography to study the water ingress via the interlayer of 3D printed cementitious materials for continuous layering

Putten, Jolien Van Der; Azima, Mahzad; Heede, Philip Van den; Mullem, Tim Van; Snoeck, Didier; Carminati, Chiara; Hovind, Jan; Trtik, Pavel; Schutter, Geert De; Tittelboom, Kim Van

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119587

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Even though such techniques are promising, automating the process and controlled deposition of the adhesives without causing rupture or tear to the substrate layer can be challenging. The addition of internal curing agents like superabsorbent polymers has also shown promise in this regard by preventing the moisture loss at the interface [125][126][127]. In the study by Wang et al [128], epoxy resin and chloroprene latex were added to the concrete during mixing.…”

Section: Materials Behaviour In the Hardened Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…10. Capillary water uptake quantified using neutron radiography has also been useful in assessing the transport properties of printed concrete [126,127]. For samples with a larger time gap, Schröfl et al [126] showed that quick water ingress due to capillary suction occurred at the layer interfaces while a very low water uptake was observed in the bulk matrix.…”

Section: Pore Structure and Transport Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11b). At this stage, the movement of the waterfront can depend on various factors such as the initial moisture condition at the interface [163], the time gap between the layers, and the printing speed [126,127]. Thereafter, the water migrates towards the bulk matrix from the three sides, i.e., the initially exposed surface as well as the saturated bottom and top interfaces (Fig.…”

Section: Pore Structure and Transport Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Extrusion-based concrete 3D printing from a material perspective: A state-of-the-art review

Mohan

Rahul

Schutter

et al. 2021

Cement and Concrete Composites

228

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Section: Materials Behaviour In the Hardened Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pore Structure and Transport Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pore Structure and Transport Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extrusion-based concrete 3D printing from a material perspective: A state-of-the-art review

Mohan

Rahul

Schutter

et al. 2021

Cement and Concrete Composites

228

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Linked to shrinkage-and durabilityrelated issues, the 3D printing of cementitious materials still faces some problems such as autogenous shrinkage, which may be counteracted using SAPs. Continuous layering of printed specimens with SAPs (Figure 5.1) already proved to be successful [19]. This is a recent field of study and many parameters may be investigated.…”

Section: Changing the Rheology By Absorbing Mixing Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the workability can be controlled, which is interesting for 3D printing technologies using cementitious materials [19,20]. Linked to shrinkage-and durabilityrelated issues, the 3D printing of cementitious materials still faces some problems such as autogenous shrinkage, which may be counteracted using SAPs.…”

Section: Changing the Rheology By Absorbing Mixing Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

5 Superabsorbent polymers as a solution for various problems in construction engineering

Snoeck¹

2021

Superabsorbent Polymers

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One of the most-used man-made materials is concrete, a mixture of cement, sand, aggregates, water, and admixtures. It can be seen everywhere: in tunnels, bridges, and high-rise buildings. Ever since concrete was rediscovered two centuries ago, it has been studied in detail in order to optimize the material and to solve its inherent problems. Most people know that concrete is gray, hard, and strong, and expect it to last decades and even centuries. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. Concrete is a material which can cope with high compressive forces but when it is subjected to tensile forces, it may crack. This cracking is based on several environmental and loading conditions, but the fact that concrete is prone to crack is a big issue. When cracking occurs and potentially harmful substances enter the interior of concrete, the concrete matrix may be damaged and even be destroyed. That is the reason why a lot of maintenance and repair works are due in order to increase the durability and lifetime of structures in civil engineering. One way of dealing with these issues is the modification of the material itself, making it less prone to cracking and the durability-related consequences. An example is the use of reinforcements, coping with the tensile forces when concrete cracks. Cracks are not harmful but intruding substances may trigger the corrosion of the iron rebars leading to structural failure, which is again unwanted. In consequence, along the history, different materials were investigated and added to concrete to solve the previous adverted problems. So, why not try adding the white powder superabsorbent polymers in the cementitious material in order to solve these issues?

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3D printed concrete as stay‐in‐place formwork: Mechanics during casting and curing

Bekaert

Tittelboom

Schutter

2022

Structural Concrete

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Research in 3D concrete printing has gained an exponential increase in attention over the last decades. The automated production process can be beneficial to reduce material use and increase form freedom of produced elements. Disadvantages are the difficulty to apply reinforcement, the speed of execution if massive elements have to be made and the uncertain durability performance of the printed material. These aspects still lead to reticence in the concrete construction industry to use 3D printing at a large scale. To lower the threshold to move from the conventional toward the new construction technique, a combination of 3D printed and conventional concrete is proposed namely concrete elements with stay‐in‐place 3D printed formwork. In this paper, experimental research has been performed to investigate the behavior of 3D printed formwork during casting and curing of fresh material. Cylindrical formwork was printed on small scale and filled with self‐compacting concrete. During the experiments, strain development and temperature evolution were measured in and around the elements. The obtained data was analyzed taking in attention the material characteristics of both materials in order to separate the different mechanisms. Results showed that the formwork is subjected to the lateral pressure of the cast concrete, moisture warping and thermal curling. The strains in the formwork increase significantly after casting as a result of moisture warping and thermal curling. The peak strain of the concrete element is reached during the hydration phase of the cast concrete. As the cast concrete stiffened in a slightly deformed formwork, residual strains will be present after the element cooled down.

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Neutron radiography to study the water ingress via the interlayer of 3D printed cementitious materials for continuous layering

Cited by 40 publications

References 34 publications

Extrusion-based concrete 3D printing from a material perspective: A state-of-the-art review

Extrusion-based concrete 3D printing from a material perspective: A state-of-the-art review

5 Superabsorbent polymers as a solution for various problems in construction engineering

3D printed concrete as stay‐in‐place formwork: Mechanics during casting and curing

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