Neuropsychological Function in Alzheimer's Disease

Homogeneity and heterogeneity in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a cross‐sectional and longitudinal study of 55 cases

“…Like previous studies, this suggests that there is a fairly high degree of homogeneity within this group of patients and that most of their longitudinal results can be predicted by dementia severity alone (Heyman et al, 1987;Katzman et al, 1988;Drachman et al, 1990;Haxby et al, 1992). Over and above the typical pro®le governed by global severity, two main patterns of atypical variation were also identi®ed: those with marked semantic impairment and those with a visuospatial variant (Neary et al, 1986;Becker et al, 1988Becker et al, , 1992Fisher et al, 1999;Galton et al, 2000).…”

Homogeneity and heterogeneity in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a cross‐sectional and longitudinal study of 55 cases

“…Like previous studies, this suggests that there is a fairly high degree of homogeneity within this group of patients and that most of their longitudinal results can be predicted by dementia severity alone (Heyman et al, 1987;Katzman et al, 1988;Drachman et al, 1990;Haxby et al, 1992). Over and above the typical pro®le governed by global severity, two main patterns of atypical variation were also identi®ed: those with marked semantic impairment and those with a visuospatial variant (Neary et al, 1986;Becker et al, 1988Becker et al, , 1992Fisher et al, 1999;Galton et al, 2000).…”

Heterogeneity of semantic and visuospatial deficits in early Alzheimer's disease.

“…In contrast to the observation of Martin et al (1986) and in keeping with the findings of Becker et al (1988), we identified only a small proportion of patients who presented with visual but not semantic problems. One explanation might be that the tests in our study, especially Study 2, may have been uneven with respect to task difficulty.…”

“…The patients with more circumscribed deficits were also found to have appropriate hemispheric differences in glucose hypometabolism on fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (PET) that were not seen in the patients with more global cognitive decline. Becker, Huff, Nebes, Holland, and Boller (1988; Huff et al., 1987) identified similar groups, but the percentage of patients with more focal profiles (18%) was smaller than that in Martin et al's study, with a larger percentage of these patients showing a lexical–semantic impairment (13%) than a visuoconstructional impairment (5%). The latter report (Martin et al, 1986) thus left open the issue of the frequency of occurrence of such patients.…”

White Matter Changes: Neurobehavioral Manifestations of Binswanger's Disease and Clinical Correlates in Alzheimer's Disease

“…The rate of global cognitive decline was assessed in 13 patients with BD relative to 74 persons with probable AD, comparable in initial MMSE, age, education and duration of follow-up [43]. The annual rate of decline in the AD group was 3.9 (±3.7) MMSE points, which is comparable to figures reported by other investigators [44,45], By contrast, the annual rate of decline in persons meeting BD criteria was 0.6 (±3.2) MMSE points; nearly half of the patients with BD had slightly improved cognitive function relative to baseline. However, the relatively short duration of follow-up, lack of uniform retest interval, and the small sample size pre clude definitive statements regarding the course of BD.…”

Homogeneity and heterogeneity in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a cross‐sectional and longitudinal study of 55 cases

“…Like previous studies, this suggests that there is a fairly high degree of homogeneity within this group of patients and that most of their longitudinal results can be predicted by dementia severity alone (Heyman et al, 1987;Katzman et al, 1988;Drachman et al, 1990;Haxby et al, 1992). Over and above the typical pro®le governed by global severity, two main patterns of atypical variation were also identi®ed: those with marked semantic impairment and those with a visuospatial variant (Neary et al, 1986;Becker et al, 1988Becker et al, , 1992Fisher et al, 1999;Galton et al, 2000).…”

Heterogeneity of semantic and visuospatial deficits in early Alzheimer's disease.

“…In contrast to the observation of Martin et al (1986) and in keeping with the findings of Becker et al (1988), we identified only a small proportion of patients who presented with visual but not semantic problems. One explanation might be that the tests in our study, especially Study 2, may have been uneven with respect to task difficulty.…”

“…The patients with more circumscribed deficits were also found to have appropriate hemispheric differences in glucose hypometabolism on fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (PET) that were not seen in the patients with more global cognitive decline. Becker, Huff, Nebes, Holland, and Boller (1988; Huff et al., 1987) identified similar groups, but the percentage of patients with more focal profiles (18%) was smaller than that in Martin et al's study, with a larger percentage of these patients showing a lexical–semantic impairment (13%) than a visuoconstructional impairment (5%). The latter report (Martin et al, 1986) thus left open the issue of the frequency of occurrence of such patients.…”

White Matter Changes: Neurobehavioral Manifestations of Binswanger's Disease and Clinical Correlates in Alzheimer's Disease

“…The rate of global cognitive decline was assessed in 13 patients with BD relative to 74 persons with probable AD, comparable in initial MMSE, age, education and duration of follow-up [43]. The annual rate of decline in the AD group was 3.9 (±3.7) MMSE points, which is comparable to figures reported by other investigators [44,45], By contrast, the annual rate of decline in persons meeting BD criteria was 0.6 (±3.2) MMSE points; nearly half of the patients with BD had slightly improved cognitive function relative to baseline. However, the relatively short duration of follow-up, lack of uniform retest interval, and the small sample size pre clude definitive statements regarding the course of BD.…”

Homogeneity and heterogeneity in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a cross‐sectional and longitudinal study of 55 cases

“…Like previous studies, this suggests that there is a fairly high degree of homogeneity within this group of patients and that most of their longitudinal results can be predicted by dementia severity alone (Heyman et al, 1987;Katzman et al, 1988;Drachman et al, 1990;Haxby et al, 1992). Over and above the typical pro®le governed by global severity, two main patterns of atypical variation were also identi®ed: those with marked semantic impairment and those with a visuospatial variant (Neary et al, 1986;Becker et al, 1988Becker et al, , 1992Fisher et al, 1999;Galton et al, 2000).…”

Heterogeneity of semantic and visuospatial deficits in early Alzheimer's disease.

“…In contrast to the observation of Martin et al (1986) and in keeping with the findings of Becker et al (1988), we identified only a small proportion of patients who presented with visual but not semantic problems. One explanation might be that the tests in our study, especially Study 2, may have been uneven with respect to task difficulty.…”

“…The patients with more circumscribed deficits were also found to have appropriate hemispheric differences in glucose hypometabolism on fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (PET) that were not seen in the patients with more global cognitive decline. Becker, Huff, Nebes, Holland, and Boller (1988; Huff et al., 1987) identified similar groups, but the percentage of patients with more focal profiles (18%) was smaller than that in Martin et al's study, with a larger percentage of these patients showing a lexical–semantic impairment (13%) than a visuoconstructional impairment (5%). The latter report (Martin et al, 1986) thus left open the issue of the frequency of occurrence of such patients.…”

White Matter Changes: Neurobehavioral Manifestations of Binswanger's Disease and Clinical Correlates in Alzheimer's Disease

“…The rate of global cognitive decline was assessed in 13 patients with BD relative to 74 persons with probable AD, comparable in initial MMSE, age, education and duration of follow-up [43]. The annual rate of decline in the AD group was 3.9 (±3.7) MMSE points, which is comparable to figures reported by other investigators [44,45], By contrast, the annual rate of decline in persons meeting BD criteria was 0.6 (±3.2) MMSE points; nearly half of the patients with BD had slightly improved cognitive function relative to baseline. However, the relatively short duration of follow-up, lack of uniform retest interval, and the small sample size pre clude definitive statements regarding the course of BD.…”