Neuropsychological, electrophysiological and neurological impairments in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder, their healthy siblings and healthy controls: Identifying potential endophenotype(s)

Özcan, Halil; Özer, Sema; Yağcıoğlu, Süha

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.013

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This is supported by the literature including FE patients ( 6 , 77 ). However, NSS can also be detected in patients suffering from a number of other psychiatric diseases including bipolar disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, borderline personality disorder ( 78 – 80 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: An Update on the State- versus Trait-Perspective

Bachmann

Schröder

2018

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Neurological soft signs (NSS) represent minor neurological signs, which indicate non-specific cerebral dysfunction. In schizophrenia, their presence has been documented extensively across all stages of the disease. Until recently, NSS were considered an endophenotype or a trait phenomenon. During the past years, however, researchers report fluctuations of the NSS scores.Aims: To further clarify the question whether NSS exhibit state or trait components or both, studies that have investigated NSS longitudinally were reviewed.Method: Studies which have assessed NSS longitudinally in adults suffering from schizophrenia, were searched for. The time frame was January 1966 to June 2017. Studies on teenagers were excluded because of interferences between brain maturation and pathology.Results: Twenty-nine follow-up studies were identified. They included patients during different stages of their illness and mainly used established instruments for NSS assessment. Patients with a first episode or a remitting course predominantly show a decrease of NSS over time, whereas a worsening of NSS can be found in the chronically ill. It was shown that change of NSS total scores over time is predominantly caused by motor system subscales and to a lesser extent by sensory integration scales. With respect to medication, the majority of studies agree on a relationship between medication response and improvement of NSS while the type of antipsychotic does not seem to play a major role. Moreover, where information on side-effects is given, it does not favor a strong relationship with NSS. However, NSS seem to correlate with negative and cognitive symptoms.Conclusion: Studies manifest a conformity regarding the presence of NSS in schizophrenia patients on the one hand. On the other hand, fluctuations of NSS scores have been widely described in subgroups. Taken together results strongly support a state-trait dichotomy of NSS. Thus, the usage of NSS as an endophenotype has to be called into question.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: An Update on the State- versus Trait-Perspective

Bachmann

Schröder

2018

Front. Psychiatry

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“…On the other hand, at the subdomain level, we observed spatial working memory deficits in the HR group and nominally significant impairments in non-verbal memory and visuoconstructive tasks in the HR group. Previous studies evaluating adults with OCD have consistently reported impairments in processing speed [56][57][58][59][60][61], which have also been reported for adult FDRs of patients with OCD [27]. Likewise, the assessment of neuropsychological function in the largest pediatric sample to date identified significant underperformance in tasks measuring processing speed among patients with OCD, in comparison to individuals who do not have the disorder [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Previous studies evaluating adults with OCD have consistently reported impairments in processing speed [ 56 – 61 ], which have also been reported for adult FDRs of patients with OCD [ 27 ]. Likewise, the assessment of neuropsychological function in the largest pediatric sample to date identified significant underperformance in tasks measuring processing speed among patients with OCD, in comparison to individuals who do not have the disorder [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Moreover, deficits in visuospatial abilities, executive functions, verbal memory, verbal fluency, and attention have been reported in adults with OCD [19]. Given the genetic nature of the disorder, putative impairment in several cognitive functions has been extensively investigated in unaffected FDRs of individuals with OCD [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Consistently, deficits in inhibitory control [21,22], decision making [23,24], long-term verbal and visual memories [25], planning [26], working memory, verbal fluency and motor speed [27] have been found in adult FDRs of individuals with OCD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the genetic nature of the disorder, putative impairment in several cognitive functions has been extensively investigated in unaffected FDRs of individuals with OCD [ 20 – 27 ]. Consistently, deficits in inhibitory control [ 21 , 22 ], decision making [ 23 , 24 ], long-term verbal and visual memories [ 25 ], planning [ 26 ], working memory, verbal fluency and motor speed [ 27 ] have been found in adult FDRs of individuals with OCD. Considering the contribution of genetic factors in the etiology of early-onset OCD [ 28 ], impaired inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility were recently reported for an adult sample of early-onset OCD patients and their unaffected FDRs [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive performance in children and adolescents at high-risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder

Bernardes¹,

Saraiva²,

Souza³

et al. 2020

BMC Psychiatry

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Background: Cognitive performance has been studied in adults with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and in adult relatives of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Meanwhile, few studies have been conducted with children under the same conditions. This study compared the neurocognitive domains previously associated with dysfunction in OCD, especially visuoconstructive ability, visuospatial memory, executive functions, and intelligence, in children and adolescents at high risk (HR) for OCD (n = 18) and non-OCD controls (NOC) (n = 31). Methods: For the HR group, we considered the first-degree relatives of patients with OCD that present OCS, but do not meet diagnostic criteria for OCD. Psychiatric diagnosis was assessed by experienced clinicians using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and OCS severity was measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Neurocognitive assessment was performed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Performance on the cognitive domains was compared between groups using Multivariate Analysis of Variance, whereas performance on the neuropsychological variables was compared between groups using independent t-tests in a cognitive subdomain analysis. Results: The cognitive domain analysis revealed a trend towards significance for impairments in the motor and processing speed domain (p = 0.019; F = 3.12) in the HR group. Moreover, the cognitive subdomain analysis identified a statistically significant underperformance in spatial working memory in the HR group when compared to the NOC group (p = 0.005; t = − 2.94), and a trend towards significance for impairments in non-verbal memory and visuoconstructive tasks in the HR group. Conclusions: Our results suggest impairments in spatial working memory and motor and processing speed in a non-clinical sample of HR participants. Considering the preliminary nature of our findings, further studies investigating these neurocognitive domains as potential predictors of pediatric OCD are warranted.

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Neurocognitive Endophenotypes of OCD

Vaghi

2021

The Neurobiology and Treatment of OCD: Accelerating Progress

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Neuropsychological, electrophysiological and neurological impairments in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder, their healthy siblings and healthy controls: Identifying potential endophenotype(s)

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: An Update on the State- versus Trait-Perspective

Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: An Update on the State- versus Trait-Perspective

Cognitive performance in children and adolescents at high-risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder

Neurocognitive Endophenotypes of OCD

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