Neuropsychological Deficits in Sober Alcoholics: Influences of Chronicity and Recent Alcohol Consumption

Beatty, William W.; Tivis, Rick; Stott, Heather D.; Nixon, Sara Jo; Parsons, Oscar A.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04584.x

Cited by 95 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The cognitive domains which were the most impaired were visuospatial capacity, attention, language, abstraction and delayed recall, in accordance with other studies [3, 20, 38, 39]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Investigation of Cognitive Improvement in Alcohol-Dependent Inpatients Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Score

Pelletier¹,

Nalpas

Alarcon³

et al. 2016

Journal of Addiction

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Background. Cognitive dysfunction is a common feature in alcohol use disorders. Its persistence following alcohol detoxification may impair quality of life and increase the risk of relapse. We analyzed cognitive impairment changes using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score in a large sample of alcohol-dependent inpatients hospitalized for at least 4 weeks. Method. This was an observational longitudinal survey. Inclusion criteria were alcohol dependence (DSM-IV) and alcohol abstinence for at least one week. The MoCA test was administered on admission and at discharge. Results. 236 patients were included. The mean MoCA score significantly increased from 22.1 ± 3.7 on admission to 25.11 ± 3.12 at discharge. The corresponding effect-size of improvement was high, 1.1 [95% CI 1.0–1.2]. The degree of improvement was inversely correlated with the baseline MoCA score. The rate of high and normal, that is, >26, MoCA values increased from 15.8% on admission to 53.8% at discharge. MoCA score improvement was not correlated with the total length of abstinence prior to admission. Conclusion. The MoCA score seems to be a useful tool for measuring changes in cognitive performance in alcohol-dependent patients. A significant improvement in cognitive function was observed whatever the degree of impairment on admission and even after a long abstinence period.

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“…The cognitive domains which were the most impaired were visuospatial capacity, attention, language, abstraction and delayed recall, in accordance with other studies [3, 20, 38, 39]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Investigation of Cognitive Improvement in Alcohol-Dependent Inpatients Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Score

Pelletier¹,

Nalpas

Alarcon³

et al. 2016

Journal of Addiction

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“…It is also noteworthy that, in this report, and in our earlier work (Durazzo et al, 2007c, 2008, 2010a) measures of alcohol consumption were not associated with neurocognition. This is consistent with other research that found measures of alcohol consumption quantity/frequency were weakly or not related to neurocognition (Schafer et al, 1991; Beatty et al, 1995, 2000; Eckardt et al, 1998; Horner et al, 1999; Sullivan et al, 2000). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Associations of Cigarette Smoking and Polymorphisms in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Catechol-O-Methyltransferase with Neurocognition in Alcohol Dependent Individuals during Early Abstinence

Durazzo¹,

Hutchison²,

Fryer³

et al. 2012

Front. Pharmacol.

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Chronic cigarette smoking and polymorphisms in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) are associated with neurocognition in normal controls and those with various neuropsychiatric conditions. The influence of BDNF and COMT on neurocognition in alcohol dependence is unclear. The primary goal of this report was to investigate the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BDNF Val66Met (rs6265) and COMT Val158Met (rs4680) with neurocognition in a treatment-seeking alcohol dependent cohort and determine if neurocognitive differences between non-smokers and smokers previously observed in this cohort persist when controlled for these functional SNPs. Genotyping was conducted on 70 primarily male treatment-seeking alcohol dependent participants (ALC) who completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery after 33 ± 9 days of monitored abstinence. After controlling for COMT and BDNF genotypes, smoking ALC performed significantly worse than non-smoking ALC on the domains of auditory-verbal and visuospatial learning and memory, cognitive efficiency, general intelligence, processing speed, and global neurocognition. In smoking ALC, greater number of years of smoking over lifetime was related to poorer performance on multiple domains after controlling for genotypes and alcohol consumption. In addition, COMT Met homozygotes were superior to Val homozygotes on measures of executive skills and showed trends for higher general intelligence and visuospatial skills, while COMT Val/Met heterozygotes showed significantly better general intelligence than Val homozygotes. COMT Val homozygotes performed better than heterozygotes on auditory-verbal memory. BDNF genotype was not related to any neurocognitive domain. The findings are consistent with studies in normal controls and neuropsychiatric cohorts that reported COMT Met carriers demonstrated better performance on measures of executive skills and general intelligence. Results also indicated that the poorer performance of smoking compared to non-smoking ALC across multiple neurocognitive domains was not mediated by COMT or BDNF genotype. Overall, the findings lend support to the expanding clinical movement to make smoking cessation programs available to smokers at the inception of treatment for alcohol/substance use disorders.

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“…The testing session included a modified version of the Acker battery (Acker and Acker, 1982) (Sternberg 1966(Sternberg ,1975, and Digit Symbol Test (Form A and B) (Beatty et al, 2000;Wechsler, 1981). For each test, both speed and accuracy were assessed and an efficiency ratio (accuracy/time) was derived.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On Form A, the subject was instructed to quickly fill in the empty spaces with the symbol that corresponds to the number within the allotted time frame of 90 sec. On Form B, (adapted for use in this laboratory, see Beatty et al, 2000) the subject was instructed to quickly fill in the empty spaces with the symbol that corresponds to the number plus one (an exception being the number nine, which requires "one's" symbol) for 90 sec. The number of squares filled in accurately is the score the subject received.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Efficiency in Stimulant Abusers With and Without Alcohol Dependence

Lawton-Craddock

Nixon

Tivis

2003

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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As expected, substance abuse was associated with cognitive inefficiency. More importantly, these findings suggest that the cognitive effects of chronic stimulant abuse are not additive with those of alcohol abuse. That is, singly addicted stimulant abusers demonstrated similar or greater neurocognitive impairments than individuals who abuse alcohol and stimulants concurrently. The reason for this pattern is speculative but may be attributed to alcohol's opposing actions on cerebrovascular effects brought on by stimulant abuse.

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Neuropsychological Deficits in Sober Alcoholics: Influences of Chronicity and Recent Alcohol Consumption

Abstract: These data provide weak support for a dose effect relationship between degree of NP impairment and level of alcoholic drinking in the past 6 months but no evidence for an influence of chronicity.

Cited by 95 publications

References 22 publications

Investigation of Cognitive Improvement in Alcohol-Dependent Inpatients Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Score

Investigation of Cognitive Improvement in Alcohol-Dependent Inpatients Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Score

Associations of Cigarette Smoking and Polymorphisms in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Catechol-O-Methyltransferase with Neurocognition in Alcohol Dependent Individuals during Early Abstinence

Cognitive Efficiency in Stimulant Abusers With and Without Alcohol Dependence

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