Neuroprotective effect of polysaccharides from Gastrodia elata blume against corticosterone‑induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum stress‑mediated pathway

Abstract

Depression is a common mental health disorder and is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Gastrodia elata (G. elata) was demonstrated to exhibit a neuroprotective effect in the authors' previous study. The present study investigated the effect of polysaccharides from G. elata (GEP) on PC12 cell apoptosis induced by corticosterone (CORT) and its possible underlying mechanisms. PC12 cells were treated with 200 µM CORT in the absence or presence of different concentrations of GEP for 48 h. Then, cell viability was measured by CCK‑8 assay. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was quantified using an LDH assay kit. The apoptosis degree of the PC12 cells and the morphology was measured by DAPI staining. Subsequently, intracellular ROS level was detected by using DCFH‑DA method, the morphology staining of the endoplasmic reticulum in PC12 cells was determined using the cationic probe, and levels of five proteins involved in apoptosis, i.e., glucose‑regulated protein, 78k Da (GRP78), X‑box binding protein 1 (XBP‑1), growth arrest‑ and DNA damage‑inducible gene 153 (GADD153), caspase 9 and caspase 12 were determined by western blotting. The results demonstrated that treatment with 1,000 µg/ml GEP prior to 200 µM CORT exposure significantly protected the PC12 cells from CORT‑induced cell apoptosis, and reduced levels of LDH leakage and intracellular reactive oxygen species. In addition, pretreatment with GEP inhibited the activation of GRP78, X‑BP‑1, GADD153, caspase 9 and caspase 12. These findings suggested that GEP exhibited a neuroprotective effect against CORT‑induced apoptosis in PC12 cells, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were dependent on inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum stress‑mediated pathway. This provides novel insight into the effect of GEP when used for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system.

Effect of Different Processing Methods on Phytochemical Contents and Neuroprotective Activity of Camellia euphlebia Leaves Extract

“…Corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells has extensively used the in vitro model for screening the natural products with neuroprotective activity [16][17][18]. erefore, the present study applied this in vitro cell model to evaluate the neuroprotective activities of Camellia euphlebia extracts prepared from 60 mesh, 200 mesh, PS powder, PAI-1 powder, PAI-2 powder, and PAI-4 powder (Figure 4), in order to evaluate the effect of different processing methods on the neuroprotective activity of Camellia euphlebia extract.…”

Gastrodia elata Blume Polysaccharides: A Review of Their Acquisition, Analysis, Modification, and Pharmacological Activities

“…Electroacupuncture combined with PGB may improve the neurological function of rats with focal cerebral ischemia rats by increasing Nestin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression to accelerate the growth of neural stem cells in the basolateral amygdala [107]. The PC12 cells were protected from corticosterone-induced apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and intracellular reactive oxygen levels were reduced after treatment with 1000 μg/mL of polysaccharides from G. elata (GEP) before exposure to 200 μM of corticosterone by suppressing the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pathway [105].…”

Sedum takesimense Protects PC12 Cells against Corticosterone-Induced Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Neural Apoptosis

“…When a stressor (psychological or physical) is sensed in the body, a signal is sent to the hypothalamus, activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis [1]. This leads to the synthesis of glucocorticoids in the adrenal cortex [2].…”