Neuropharmacologic Action of Rauwolfia Compounds and Its Psychodynamic Implications

Depression in the Elderly. II. Possible Drug Etiologies; Differential Diagnostic Criteria*

“…From 50 to 70 percent of patients so treated manifest depression characterized by sadness, weakness, apathy, agitation and insomnia (7). Older patients are particularly likely to experience such depression (8), and if they have had a prior depressive episode they are the most susceptible of all groups (9). Reserpine is the antihypertensive agent most responsible for producing depression.…”

Depression in the Elderly. II. Possible Drug Etiologies; Differential Diagnostic Criteria*

“…From 50 to 70 percent of patients so treated manifest depression characterized by sadness, weakness, apathy, agitation and insomnia (7). Older patients are particularly likely to experience such depression (8), and if they have had a prior depressive episode they are the most susceptible of all groups (9). Reserpine is the antihypertensive agent most responsible for producing depression.…”

Our growing restlessness with problems of chronic schizophrenia.

“…The rapid emergence of schizophrenic behavior following a » 21 « short period of relatively well-organized socialization lends support to the interpretation that no significant changes in the quality of thinking were produced. In this connection the papers of Faucett, Litin, andAchor (1957), andSarwer-Foner (1957), are pertinent. These authors reported instances in which the use of reserpine and chlorpromazine produced profound agitation in more acutely ill patients when there was interference with the usual defenses of the ego.…”

Antihypertensive drugs and depression: a reappraisal

“…Ever since the introduction of reserpine in the early 1950s for the management of hypertension, there has been considerable dispute as to whether reserpine and, more recently, the newer antihypertensive drugs actually caused depression (Achor et al 1955;Limieux et al 1956;Muller et al 1955) or whether the patients became depressed for reasons unrelated to their drugs (Freis, 1954;Faucett et al 1957;Dollery & Harrington, 1962;Hamilton & Kopelman, 1963). Three recent studies (Bulpitt & Dollery, 1973;Snaith & McCoubrie, 1974;Schwarz et al 1973) utilized some form of mood rating scale to assess the presence of depression but (a) the patients in these studies had been ill for varying periods of time before being investigated rather than all being at the same stage in their treatment programme; and (b) some patients (Bulpitt & Dollery, 1973;Snaith & McCoubrie, 1974) were subject to a once only mood assessment, whereas others (Schwarz et al 1973) were followed up for one month.…”

Depression in the Elderly. II. Possible Drug Etiologies; Differential Diagnostic Criteria*

“…From 50 to 70 percent of patients so treated manifest depression characterized by sadness, weakness, apathy, agitation and insomnia (7). Older patients are particularly likely to experience such depression (8), and if they have had a prior depressive episode they are the most susceptible of all groups (9). Reserpine is the antihypertensive agent most responsible for producing depression.…”

Our growing restlessness with problems of chronic schizophrenia.

“…The rapid emergence of schizophrenic behavior following a » 21 « short period of relatively well-organized socialization lends support to the interpretation that no significant changes in the quality of thinking were produced. In this connection the papers of Faucett, Litin, andAchor (1957), andSarwer-Foner (1957), are pertinent. These authors reported instances in which the use of reserpine and chlorpromazine produced profound agitation in more acutely ill patients when there was interference with the usual defenses of the ego.…”

Antihypertensive drugs and depression: a reappraisal

“…Ever since the introduction of reserpine in the early 1950s for the management of hypertension, there has been considerable dispute as to whether reserpine and, more recently, the newer antihypertensive drugs actually caused depression (Achor et al 1955;Limieux et al 1956;Muller et al 1955) or whether the patients became depressed for reasons unrelated to their drugs (Freis, 1954;Faucett et al 1957;Dollery & Harrington, 1962;Hamilton & Kopelman, 1963). Three recent studies (Bulpitt & Dollery, 1973;Snaith & McCoubrie, 1974;Schwarz et al 1973) utilized some form of mood rating scale to assess the presence of depression but (a) the patients in these studies had been ill for varying periods of time before being investigated rather than all being at the same stage in their treatment programme; and (b) some patients (Bulpitt & Dollery, 1973;Snaith & McCoubrie, 1974) were subject to a once only mood assessment, whereas others (Schwarz et al 1973) were followed up for one month.…”

Depression in the Elderly. II. Possible Drug Etiologies; Differential Diagnostic Criteria*

“…From 50 to 70 percent of patients so treated manifest depression characterized by sadness, weakness, apathy, agitation and insomnia (7). Older patients are particularly likely to experience such depression (8), and if they have had a prior depressive episode they are the most susceptible of all groups (9). Reserpine is the antihypertensive agent most responsible for producing depression.…”

Our growing restlessness with problems of chronic schizophrenia.

“…The rapid emergence of schizophrenic behavior following a » 21 « short period of relatively well-organized socialization lends support to the interpretation that no significant changes in the quality of thinking were produced. In this connection the papers of Faucett, Litin, andAchor (1957), andSarwer-Foner (1957), are pertinent. These authors reported instances in which the use of reserpine and chlorpromazine produced profound agitation in more acutely ill patients when there was interference with the usual defenses of the ego.…”

Antihypertensive drugs and depression: a reappraisal

“…Ever since the introduction of reserpine in the early 1950s for the management of hypertension, there has been considerable dispute as to whether reserpine and, more recently, the newer antihypertensive drugs actually caused depression (Achor et al 1955;Limieux et al 1956;Muller et al 1955) or whether the patients became depressed for reasons unrelated to their drugs (Freis, 1954;Faucett et al 1957;Dollery & Harrington, 1962;Hamilton & Kopelman, 1963). Three recent studies (Bulpitt & Dollery, 1973;Snaith & McCoubrie, 1974;Schwarz et al 1973) utilized some form of mood rating scale to assess the presence of depression but (a) the patients in these studies had been ill for varying periods of time before being investigated rather than all being at the same stage in their treatment programme; and (b) some patients (Bulpitt & Dollery, 1973;Snaith & McCoubrie, 1974) were subject to a once only mood assessment, whereas others (Schwarz et al 1973) were followed up for one month.…”