Neuropeptides, Trophic Factors, and Other Substances Providing Morphofunctional and Metabolic Protection in Experimental Models of Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide acts against neovascularization in retinal pigment epithelial cells

“…The relationship between PACAP and several molecules measured by the angiogenesis array is still unclear, but it can be concluded that PACAP reduced the secretion of several proangiogenic factors in retinal pigment epithelial cells. In our previous studies, on the possible effects of PACAP in diabetic retinopathy, it was also proven that PACAP treatment can ameliorate the vascular changes . Thus, PACAP might be a potent drug against retinopathies with angiogenic processes in the background.…”

Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Serum Metabolites in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

“…Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats have always been used in studies of type 2 diabetes related to obesity [5]. Their age range of diabetes onset is between ten weeks and twenty weeks [5].…”

“…Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats have always been used in studies of type 2 diabetes related to obesity [5]. Their age range of diabetes onset is between ten weeks and twenty weeks [5]. This strain reproduces effectively and therefore is a common model in the disease pathophysiology, therapeutic interventions, and complications study of type 2 diabetes onset of young and middle-aged adults, giving examples like its effects on cardiac metabolism and function [2,6].…”

Association of the Somatostatin Analog Octreotide With Magnetic Nanoparticles for Intraocular Delivery: A Possible Approach for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy

“…Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that represents one of the major causes of vision loss in humans. The endogenous neuropeptide somatostatin has been widely studied for its powerful neuroprotective properties that may be exploited for DR treatment, and these studies have been extensively reviewed (Gabriel, 2013;Hernandez et al, 2014;Szabadfi et al, 2014;Simo-Servat et al, 2018;Cervia et al, 2019). In particular, the treatment with the somatostatin analog octreotide (OCT) has been found to inhibit apoptotic cell death and avoid vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression in retinal explants exposed to typical diabetic stressors such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress (OS) or advanced glycation end-products (Amato et al, 2016).…”