Neuronal events underlying rhythmic behaviors in invertebrates

Effects of scaphognathite nerve stimulation on the acutely deafferented crab ventilatory central pattern generator

“…The range of ventilatory rates exhibited by intact crabs (McMahon and Wilkens 1975, 1977Wilkens et al 1985) is substantially greater than that spontaneously produced by deafferented ganglia in vitro. For intact crabs the minimum ventilation rates observed in crabs during deep hypoxia are around 30 bts.min 1.…”

“…It is now well established that the basic motor programs for many movements which are generated in the isolated central nervous system, including the SG rhythm, arise from central pattern generating networks (CPG) (Mendelson 1971;Delcomyn 1980;Moffett 1977). A minimal requirement of this concept is that the motor rhythm must continue in the absence of afferent feedback and that perturbations of neurons considered integral to this circuit must be able to reset the rhythm.…”

Effects of scaphognathite nerve stimulation on the acutely deafferented crab ventilatory central pattern generator

“…The range of ventilatory rates exhibited by intact crabs (McMahon and Wilkens 1975, 1977Wilkens et al 1985) is substantially greater than that spontaneously produced by deafferented ganglia in vitro. For intact crabs the minimum ventilation rates observed in crabs during deep hypoxia are around 30 bts.min 1.…”

“…It is now well established that the basic motor programs for many movements which are generated in the isolated central nervous system, including the SG rhythm, arise from central pattern generating networks (CPG) (Mendelson 1971;Delcomyn 1980;Moffett 1977). A minimal requirement of this concept is that the motor rhythm must continue in the absence of afferent feedback and that perturbations of neurons considered integral to this circuit must be able to reset the rhythm.…”

Coordination of the movements of the appendages in the Tasmanian mountain shrimp Anaspides tasmaniae (Crustacea; Malacostraca; Syncarida)

“…Details of the reasons for this interest have been discussed a t length in other places and will not be considered further here (Macmillan 1973(Macmillan , 1975Macmillan et 1976 a) . (For reviews covering rhythmic systems generally see Bizzi & Evarts (1972), Bullock (1970), De Long (1972, Evoy & Cohen (1971), Kennedy & Davis (1977), Moffett (1977), Wilson (1966).) The Malacostraca have provided many suitable and interesting examples for this type of study.…”

The structure and function of the labrum in the lobster Homarus gammarus (L.)

“…Sometimes it is involved in both processes simultaneously. There has recently been much interest in rhythmical motor programmes as useful preparations for analyses of the control of behaviour patterns (for reviews, see Moffett (1977) and Macmillan (1977)). For a consideration of labral activity in these terms, it is not really necessary to abandon the idea of the labrum being functionally the anterior part of the mouth.…”

Effects of scaphognathite nerve stimulation on the acutely deafferented crab ventilatory central pattern generator

“…The range of ventilatory rates exhibited by intact crabs (McMahon and Wilkens 1975, 1977Wilkens et al 1985) is substantially greater than that spontaneously produced by deafferented ganglia in vitro. For intact crabs the minimum ventilation rates observed in crabs during deep hypoxia are around 30 bts.min 1.…”

“…It is now well established that the basic motor programs for many movements which are generated in the isolated central nervous system, including the SG rhythm, arise from central pattern generating networks (CPG) (Mendelson 1971;Delcomyn 1980;Moffett 1977). A minimal requirement of this concept is that the motor rhythm must continue in the absence of afferent feedback and that perturbations of neurons considered integral to this circuit must be able to reset the rhythm.…”

Coordination of the movements of the appendages in the Tasmanian mountain shrimp Anaspides tasmaniae (Crustacea; Malacostraca; Syncarida)

“…Details of the reasons for this interest have been discussed a t length in other places and will not be considered further here (Macmillan 1973(Macmillan , 1975Macmillan et 1976 a) . (For reviews covering rhythmic systems generally see Bizzi & Evarts (1972), Bullock (1970), De Long (1972, Evoy & Cohen (1971), Kennedy & Davis (1977), Moffett (1977), Wilson (1966).) The Malacostraca have provided many suitable and interesting examples for this type of study.…”

The structure and function of the labrum in the lobster Homarus gammarus (L.)

“…Sometimes it is involved in both processes simultaneously. There has recently been much interest in rhythmical motor programmes as useful preparations for analyses of the control of behaviour patterns (for reviews, see Moffett (1977) and Macmillan (1977)). For a consideration of labral activity in these terms, it is not really necessary to abandon the idea of the labrum being functionally the anterior part of the mouth.…”

Effects of scaphognathite nerve stimulation on the acutely deafferented crab ventilatory central pattern generator

“…The range of ventilatory rates exhibited by intact crabs (McMahon and Wilkens 1975, 1977Wilkens et al 1985) is substantially greater than that spontaneously produced by deafferented ganglia in vitro. For intact crabs the minimum ventilation rates observed in crabs during deep hypoxia are around 30 bts.min 1.…”

“…It is now well established that the basic motor programs for many movements which are generated in the isolated central nervous system, including the SG rhythm, arise from central pattern generating networks (CPG) (Mendelson 1971;Delcomyn 1980;Moffett 1977). A minimal requirement of this concept is that the motor rhythm must continue in the absence of afferent feedback and that perturbations of neurons considered integral to this circuit must be able to reset the rhythm.…”

Coordination of the movements of the appendages in the Tasmanian mountain shrimp Anaspides tasmaniae (Crustacea; Malacostraca; Syncarida)

“…Details of the reasons for this interest have been discussed a t length in other places and will not be considered further here (Macmillan 1973(Macmillan , 1975Macmillan et 1976 a) . (For reviews covering rhythmic systems generally see Bizzi & Evarts (1972), Bullock (1970), De Long (1972, Evoy & Cohen (1971), Kennedy & Davis (1977), Moffett (1977), Wilson (1966).) The Malacostraca have provided many suitable and interesting examples for this type of study.…”

The structure and function of the labrum in the lobster Homarus gammarus (L.)

“…Sometimes it is involved in both processes simultaneously. There has recently been much interest in rhythmical motor programmes as useful preparations for analyses of the control of behaviour patterns (for reviews, see Moffett (1977) and Macmillan (1977)). For a consideration of labral activity in these terms, it is not really necessary to abandon the idea of the labrum being functionally the anterior part of the mouth.…”