Neurologic Aspects of Boxing

Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome: application of new criteria to a cohort exposed to repetitive head impacts

“…This age cut-off for active fighters was chosen to allow older active fighters who have had a significant duration of exposure to RHI. 7 While the extent of exposure to RHI may be somewhat different between boxers and MMA fighters, there is overlap in the type of exposure that both experience; including both disciplines of fighting allowed a comparison regarding prevalence of TES.…”

Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome: application of new criteria to a cohort exposed to repetitive head impacts

“…This age cut-off for active fighters was chosen to allow older active fighters who have had a significant duration of exposure to RHI. 7 While the extent of exposure to RHI may be somewhat different between boxers and MMA fighters, there is overlap in the type of exposure that both experience; including both disciplines of fighting allowed a comparison regarding prevalence of TES.…”

The spectrum of acute and chronic consequences of neurotrauma in professional and amateur boxing – A call to action is advocated to better understand and prevent this phenomenon

“…This has important clinical implications, for example, ASDH are mostly seen in boxing, while are extremely rare in American football. Studies in animals indicate that ASDH result from the effects of rotational forces stretching the bridging veins that run between the dura and brain cortex ( Jordan, 1987 ; Unterharnscheidt, 1972 ). Another possible explanation involves punches directly to the jaw causing flexion of the head and neck and consequent stretching of the bridging veins or impacts to the forehead which cause extension of the head and neck and therefore compression of the bridging veins ( Viano et al, 2005 ).…”

Punch Drunk Syndrome – Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Physiotherapy Approach

“…Sometimes it shows a lesion that requires surgical treatment, such as subdural hematoma or hydrocephalus. Occasionally, more sophisticated imaging media, such as a simple photon-emission CT scan and positron tomography, can be useful [10].…”

“…Since its treatment options are relatively limited, its prevention is of paramount importance. Prevention will need to be specific to the sport, and undoubtedly to limit the exposure of athletes to high-risk injuries becomes necessary the neurological evaluation of the athlete, the imposition of strict adherence to the guiding Lines of "Return to play", training and supervision of athletes, increased medical supervision and the use of protective equipment [10].…”

Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome: application of new criteria to a cohort exposed to repetitive head impacts

“…This age cut-off for active fighters was chosen to allow older active fighters who have had a significant duration of exposure to RHI. 7 While the extent of exposure to RHI may be somewhat different between boxers and MMA fighters, there is overlap in the type of exposure that both experience; including both disciplines of fighting allowed a comparison regarding prevalence of TES.…”

The spectrum of acute and chronic consequences of neurotrauma in professional and amateur boxing – A call to action is advocated to better understand and prevent this phenomenon

“…This has important clinical implications, for example, ASDH are mostly seen in boxing, while are extremely rare in American football. Studies in animals indicate that ASDH result from the effects of rotational forces stretching the bridging veins that run between the dura and brain cortex ( Jordan, 1987 ; Unterharnscheidt, 1972 ). Another possible explanation involves punches directly to the jaw causing flexion of the head and neck and consequent stretching of the bridging veins or impacts to the forehead which cause extension of the head and neck and therefore compression of the bridging veins ( Viano et al, 2005 ).…”

Punch Drunk Syndrome – Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Physiotherapy Approach

“…Sometimes it shows a lesion that requires surgical treatment, such as subdural hematoma or hydrocephalus. Occasionally, more sophisticated imaging media, such as a simple photon-emission CT scan and positron tomography, can be useful [10].…”

“…Since its treatment options are relatively limited, its prevention is of paramount importance. Prevention will need to be specific to the sport, and undoubtedly to limit the exposure of athletes to high-risk injuries becomes necessary the neurological evaluation of the athlete, the imposition of strict adherence to the guiding Lines of "Return to play", training and supervision of athletes, increased medical supervision and the use of protective equipment [10].…”

Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome: application of new criteria to a cohort exposed to repetitive head impacts

“…This age cut-off for active fighters was chosen to allow older active fighters who have had a significant duration of exposure to RHI. 7 While the extent of exposure to RHI may be somewhat different between boxers and MMA fighters, there is overlap in the type of exposure that both experience; including both disciplines of fighting allowed a comparison regarding prevalence of TES.…”

The spectrum of acute and chronic consequences of neurotrauma in professional and amateur boxing – A call to action is advocated to better understand and prevent this phenomenon

“…This has important clinical implications, for example, ASDH are mostly seen in boxing, while are extremely rare in American football. Studies in animals indicate that ASDH result from the effects of rotational forces stretching the bridging veins that run between the dura and brain cortex ( Jordan, 1987 ; Unterharnscheidt, 1972 ). Another possible explanation involves punches directly to the jaw causing flexion of the head and neck and consequent stretching of the bridging veins or impacts to the forehead which cause extension of the head and neck and therefore compression of the bridging veins ( Viano et al, 2005 ).…”

Punch Drunk Syndrome – Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Physiotherapy Approach

“…Sometimes it shows a lesion that requires surgical treatment, such as subdural hematoma or hydrocephalus. Occasionally, more sophisticated imaging media, such as a simple photon-emission CT scan and positron tomography, can be useful [10].…”

“…Since its treatment options are relatively limited, its prevention is of paramount importance. Prevention will need to be specific to the sport, and undoubtedly to limit the exposure of athletes to high-risk injuries becomes necessary the neurological evaluation of the athlete, the imposition of strict adherence to the guiding Lines of "Return to play", training and supervision of athletes, increased medical supervision and the use of protective equipment [10].…”