Neuroendocrine effects of limbic activation by electrical, spontaneous, and pharmacological modes: Relevance to the pathophysiology of affective dysregulation in psychiatric disorders

Neural Regulation of Pituitary Function

“…Cortisol release may be influenced by afferents to the paraventricular nucleus stimulating CRF secretion, including the nucleus of the tractus solitanus, locus ceruleus, and many parts of the limbic system (Martin and Reichlin, 1987). Several groups have demonstrated that stimulation of the basolateral amygdala increases cortisol secretion, whereas corticomedial amygdala and hippocampal stimulation inhibit cortisol secretion (Gloor, 1975;Kling et al, 1987). This has been shown in animal (Mason, 1959;Matheson et al, 197 1) as well as human studies (Rubin et al, 1966).…”

“…Effects of limbic system activation on PRL secretion remain controversial. No consensus has been reached on PRL secretion in response to stimulation of the amygdala (Kling et al, 1987). Sperling and Wilson ( 1986) failed to document increased PRL after stimulation of the amygdala in humans.…”

Neural Regulation of Pituitary Function

“…Cortisol release may be influenced by afferents to the paraventricular nucleus stimulating CRF secretion, including the nucleus of the tractus solitanus, locus ceruleus, and many parts of the limbic system (Martin and Reichlin, 1987). Several groups have demonstrated that stimulation of the basolateral amygdala increases cortisol secretion, whereas corticomedial amygdala and hippocampal stimulation inhibit cortisol secretion (Gloor, 1975;Kling et al, 1987). This has been shown in animal (Mason, 1959;Matheson et al, 197 1) as well as human studies (Rubin et al, 1966).…”

“…Effects of limbic system activation on PRL secretion remain controversial. No consensus has been reached on PRL secretion in response to stimulation of the amygdala (Kling et al, 1987). Sperling and Wilson ( 1986) failed to document increased PRL after stimulation of the amygdala in humans.…”

Neural therapy—A review of the therapeutic use of local anesthetics

“…LA'lere ait bir santral etki mekanizması varlığı oldukça muhtemeldir. Örneğin prokainin, kokaine ait yan etkileri ortaya çıkarmaksızın, selektif olarak limbik yapıları aktive etme eğilimi vardır (17) (18).…”

“…Hiperkortizolemi ve Stres Terapisi. Prokainin ACTH, kortizol ve prolaktini arttırması 1980'lerde bir NIH grubunun ilgisini çekmiştir (17). Öte yandan, Lecanu grubu prokainin adrenokortikal steroid yapımını inhibe ettiğini göstermiştir (74).…”

Impact of substance abuse on the course and treatment of bipolar disorder

“…More recently, the neurotransmitter gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been implicated in the related mechanisms of kindling [77,78], physical dependence [89], ethanol withdrawal seizures [77,78], alcohol reinforcing effects [90], and regulation of mood states [91–93]. Drugs that enhance GABA ‘tone’ may produce mood stabilizing effects by dampening dysregulated systems [94].…”

Neural Regulation of Pituitary Function

“…Cortisol release may be influenced by afferents to the paraventricular nucleus stimulating CRF secretion, including the nucleus of the tractus solitanus, locus ceruleus, and many parts of the limbic system (Martin and Reichlin, 1987). Several groups have demonstrated that stimulation of the basolateral amygdala increases cortisol secretion, whereas corticomedial amygdala and hippocampal stimulation inhibit cortisol secretion (Gloor, 1975;Kling et al, 1987). This has been shown in animal (Mason, 1959;Matheson et al, 197 1) as well as human studies (Rubin et al, 1966).…”

“…Effects of limbic system activation on PRL secretion remain controversial. No consensus has been reached on PRL secretion in response to stimulation of the amygdala (Kling et al, 1987). Sperling and Wilson ( 1986) failed to document increased PRL after stimulation of the amygdala in humans.…”

Neural therapy—A review of the therapeutic use of local anesthetics

“…LA'lere ait bir santral etki mekanizması varlığı oldukça muhtemeldir. Örneğin prokainin, kokaine ait yan etkileri ortaya çıkarmaksızın, selektif olarak limbik yapıları aktive etme eğilimi vardır (17) (18).…”

“…Hiperkortizolemi ve Stres Terapisi. Prokainin ACTH, kortizol ve prolaktini arttırması 1980'lerde bir NIH grubunun ilgisini çekmiştir (17). Öte yandan, Lecanu grubu prokainin adrenokortikal steroid yapımını inhibe ettiğini göstermiştir (74).…”

Impact of substance abuse on the course and treatment of bipolar disorder

“…More recently, the neurotransmitter gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been implicated in the related mechanisms of kindling [77,78], physical dependence [89], ethanol withdrawal seizures [77,78], alcohol reinforcing effects [90], and regulation of mood states [91–93]. Drugs that enhance GABA ‘tone’ may produce mood stabilizing effects by dampening dysregulated systems [94].…”

Neural Regulation of Pituitary Function

“…Cortisol release may be influenced by afferents to the paraventricular nucleus stimulating CRF secretion, including the nucleus of the tractus solitanus, locus ceruleus, and many parts of the limbic system (Martin and Reichlin, 1987). Several groups have demonstrated that stimulation of the basolateral amygdala increases cortisol secretion, whereas corticomedial amygdala and hippocampal stimulation inhibit cortisol secretion (Gloor, 1975;Kling et al, 1987). This has been shown in animal (Mason, 1959;Matheson et al, 197 1) as well as human studies (Rubin et al, 1966).…”

“…Effects of limbic system activation on PRL secretion remain controversial. No consensus has been reached on PRL secretion in response to stimulation of the amygdala (Kling et al, 1987). Sperling and Wilson ( 1986) failed to document increased PRL after stimulation of the amygdala in humans.…”

Neural therapy—A review of the therapeutic use of local anesthetics

“…LA'lere ait bir santral etki mekanizması varlığı oldukça muhtemeldir. Örneğin prokainin, kokaine ait yan etkileri ortaya çıkarmaksızın, selektif olarak limbik yapıları aktive etme eğilimi vardır (17) (18).…”

“…Hiperkortizolemi ve Stres Terapisi. Prokainin ACTH, kortizol ve prolaktini arttırması 1980'lerde bir NIH grubunun ilgisini çekmiştir (17). Öte yandan, Lecanu grubu prokainin adrenokortikal steroid yapımını inhibe ettiğini göstermiştir (74).…”

Impact of substance abuse on the course and treatment of bipolar disorder

“…More recently, the neurotransmitter gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been implicated in the related mechanisms of kindling [77,78], physical dependence [89], ethanol withdrawal seizures [77,78], alcohol reinforcing effects [90], and regulation of mood states [91–93]. Drugs that enhance GABA ‘tone’ may produce mood stabilizing effects by dampening dysregulated systems [94].…”