Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children

Abstract

BackgroundDuring epidemics, influenza attack rates in children may exceed 40%. Options for prevention and treatment currently include the neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir. Laninamivir octanoate, the prodrug of laninamivir, is currently being developed. ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of neuraminidase inhibitors in the treatment and prevention of influenza in children. Search methodsFor this update we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (

Reducing the Burden of Influenza-Associated Complications with Antiviral Therapy

“…Oseltamivir reduced the number of complications by 40% (including a 44% reduction in otitis media), and the number of children needing antibiotics by 24% compared with the placebo group. Additional results from this study were also reported in a later review by Matheson et al [76], who noted that otitis media incidence in a subgroup of children aged one to five years was reduced by 56%.…”

Reducing the Burden of Influenza-Associated Complications with Antiviral Therapy

“…Oseltamivir reduced the number of complications by 40% (including a 44% reduction in otitis media), and the number of children needing antibiotics by 24% compared with the placebo group. Additional results from this study were also reported in a later review by Matheson et al [76], who noted that otitis media incidence in a subgroup of children aged one to five years was reduced by 56%.…”

Neurological complications of pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 infection: European case series and review

“…IV zanamivir was supplied on a compassionate basis by Glaxo-Smith-Kline (Brentford, England) and is thought to carry the same efficacy as oseltamivir [19]. Although the use of antiviral medications can decrease the risk of complications from influenza [6,27], specific neuro-therapeutic effect is uncertain [25]. In line with previous reports, it was not possible to determine whether antiviral treatment decreased the severity or improved neurological outcome in this series or in the other reported cases.…”

Emergency Department Visits for Antiviral Adverse Events during the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic

“…13 The types of adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of these agents and similar to data from previous seasons. [14][15][16] These surveillance data reflected the nature of the pandemic and the antiviral recommendations for the 2009-2010 season in that a substantially higher proportion of visits involved neuraminidase inhibitors than adamantanes and were made by people in younger age groups compared with previous seasons. 5 Because the severity and types of adverse event manifestations were comparable to previous seasons, these data did not trigger further investigation.…”

Reducing the Burden of Influenza-Associated Complications with Antiviral Therapy

“…Oseltamivir reduced the number of complications by 40% (including a 44% reduction in otitis media), and the number of children needing antibiotics by 24% compared with the placebo group. Additional results from this study were also reported in a later review by Matheson et al [76], who noted that otitis media incidence in a subgroup of children aged one to five years was reduced by 56%.…”

Neurological complications of pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 infection: European case series and review

“…IV zanamivir was supplied on a compassionate basis by Glaxo-Smith-Kline (Brentford, England) and is thought to carry the same efficacy as oseltamivir [19]. Although the use of antiviral medications can decrease the risk of complications from influenza [6,27], specific neuro-therapeutic effect is uncertain [25]. In line with previous reports, it was not possible to determine whether antiviral treatment decreased the severity or improved neurological outcome in this series or in the other reported cases.…”

Emergency Department Visits for Antiviral Adverse Events during the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic

“…13 The types of adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of these agents and similar to data from previous seasons. [14][15][16] These surveillance data reflected the nature of the pandemic and the antiviral recommendations for the 2009-2010 season in that a substantially higher proportion of visits involved neuraminidase inhibitors than adamantanes and were made by people in younger age groups compared with previous seasons. 5 Because the severity and types of adverse event manifestations were comparable to previous seasons, these data did not trigger further investigation.…”

Reducing the Burden of Influenza-Associated Complications with Antiviral Therapy

“…Oseltamivir reduced the number of complications by 40% (including a 44% reduction in otitis media), and the number of children needing antibiotics by 24% compared with the placebo group. Additional results from this study were also reported in a later review by Matheson et al [76], who noted that otitis media incidence in a subgroup of children aged one to five years was reduced by 56%.…”

Neurological complications of pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 infection: European case series and review

“…IV zanamivir was supplied on a compassionate basis by Glaxo-Smith-Kline (Brentford, England) and is thought to carry the same efficacy as oseltamivir [19]. Although the use of antiviral medications can decrease the risk of complications from influenza [6,27], specific neuro-therapeutic effect is uncertain [25]. In line with previous reports, it was not possible to determine whether antiviral treatment decreased the severity or improved neurological outcome in this series or in the other reported cases.…”

Emergency Department Visits for Antiviral Adverse Events during the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic

“…13 The types of adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of these agents and similar to data from previous seasons. [14][15][16] These surveillance data reflected the nature of the pandemic and the antiviral recommendations for the 2009-2010 season in that a substantially higher proportion of visits involved neuraminidase inhibitors than adamantanes and were made by people in younger age groups compared with previous seasons. 5 Because the severity and types of adverse event manifestations were comparable to previous seasons, these data did not trigger further investigation.…”