Neural responses in autism during movie watching: Inter-individual response variability co-varies with symptomatology

Bolton, T. B.; Freitas, Lorena; Jochaut, Delphine; Giraud, Anne-Lise; Ville, Dimitri Van De

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116571

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In other words, our results do not corroborate the hypothesis of competing attention to non-social stimuli being clearly at the origin of gaze atypicalities in ASD but argue more for the presence of growing idiosyncrasy in the selection and processing of information in social context in this population. An increased idiosyncrasy on the neural level while watching dynamic social scenes has been put forward by a number of studies (Bolton et al, 2020; Bolton et al, 2018; Byrge et al, 2015; Hasson et al, 2009) and was related with lower scene understanding (Byrge et al, 2015) and higher presence of autistic symptoms (Bolton et al, 2020). The mechanisms of efficient selection of relevant social elements are genetically controlled (Constantino et al, 2017; Kennedy et al, 2017) and a disturbance we observe in ASD is most likely a downstream product of the gene-environment correlation (Klin, Shultz, and Jones, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Developmental Dynamic of Visual Exploration of Social Interactions in Autism

Kojovic

Franchini

Sandini

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SummaryAtypical deployment of social gaze is present early on in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Yet, studies characterizing the developmental dynamic behind it are scarce. Here we used a data-driven method to delineate the developmental change in visual exploration of social interaction over childhood years in autism. Longitudinal eye-tracking data were acquired as children with ASD and their typically developing (TD) peers freely explored complex animated scene. We found divergent moment-to moment gaze patterns in children with ASD compared to their TD peers. This divergence was particularly evident in sequences that displayed social interactions between characters, and even more so in the children with lower developmental and functional levels. Basic visual properties of the animated scene did not accounted for the enhanced divergence. Over childhood years, these differences dramatically increased to become more idiosyncratic. Taken together, these findings suggest that social attention should be targeted early in clinical treatments.HighlightsA dynamic measure of divergence from normative gaze patterns was obtained while children with ASD watched animated cartoonThe degree of divergence was negatively associated with adaptive and cognitive functioningDuring childhood viewing patterns in children with ASD were increasingly idiosyncraticIncreased idiosyncrasy of gaze deployment in children with ASD characterized processing of sequences comprising social interaction

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Developmental Dynamic of Visual Exploration of Social Interactions in Autism

Kojovic

Franchini

Sandini

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Furthermore, differential expression of CS including thalamic-sensory connectivity was observed in ASD subjects aged on average 16 years [57]. Particularly interesting for clinical practice, inter-subject functional correlation was used to associate ASD symptomatology with the expression of CS during watching natural movies [58].…”

Section: Dynamic Approaches Have Been Leveraged To Study Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Tapping into Multi-Faceted Human Behavior and Psychopathology Using fMRI Brain Dynamics

Bolton

Morgenroth

Preti

et al. 2020

Trends in Neurosciences

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Human behavior comprises many aspects that stand out by their dynamic nature. To quantify its neural underpinnings, time-resolved fMRI methods have blossomed over the past decade. In this review we conceptually organize a broad repertoire of dynamic analytical pipelines and extract general observations on their application to the study of behavior and brain disorders. We aim to provide an extensive overview instead of examining only selected methodological families or specific behavioral domains. We consider behavioral aspects with distinct long-term stability (e.g., physiological state versus personality), and also address selected brain disorders with complementary genetics and symptomatology. This synthesis exposes the somewhat limited consistency of dynamic findings in the literature, as well as the unbalanced application of the multitude of available approaches which would, owing to their technical specificities, have potential to reveal distinct aspects of dynamics. We call for further comparative and collaborative efforts in the future. Brain Dynamics Inferred from Functional Neuroimaging Are Relevant to the Study of Human BehaviorPerhaps the most remarkable feature of humanity is the profound behavioral diversity across different individuals, which pertains to all factors involved in interactions with the physical and social environment. This diversity underlies variability in personality, physiology, and mental capacity, which in turn are not only constituted by biological influences (e.g., fatigue, the influence of drugs, genetic makeup) but also shaped by experience (e.g., social learning, trauma). Arguably, the brain is the most complex system known to humankind, and understanding this organ is crucial for explaining behavior. Studying the brain at rest has demonstrated that, although the environment has an influence on it, the brain operates intrinsically and is modulated rather than controlled by the environment [1]. This modulation is a recursive process between the brain and the environment mediated by perception and action [2]. Evidently, this process is highly dynamic, as are the environment and the brain [3].Neuroscience, in particular neuroimaging research, aims to relate variability in behavior to changes in the brain. Since its discovery in the early 1990s, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; see Glossary) has become one of the most prominent methods to this end. fMRI is a non-invasive tool to probe whole-brain activity and enables the study of sophisticated processes that involve functional integration and segregation of different brain areas over time. The study of brain signals during task or other forms of stimulation has been a productive way to decode the representation of specific processes in the brain; however, studies on the intrinsic organization of the brain at rest are equally valuable, and have been shown to predict behavior and psychopathology [4,5].

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“…When compared to the TD group, the ASD group showed significantly lower SD in the visual network while presenting a higher STD in the limbic functional system, the dorsal attention network and the visual network. Eye-tracking studies reported an increased idiosyncrasy on the neural level while watching dynamic social scenes related to lower scene understanding (Byrge et al 2015) and higher presence of autistic symptoms (Bolton et al 2020) which could relate to visual cortex alterations. The increased STD suggests more diversity and fluctuations in the functional patterns over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct profiles of spatio-temporal brain dynamics along symptoms dimensions in autism

Mullier¹,

Kojovic²,

Denervaud

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Autism Spectrum Disorders are accompanied by atypical brain activity and impairments in brain connectivity. In particular, dynamic functional connectivity approaches highlighted aberrant brain fluctuations at rest in individuals with autism compared to a group composed of typically developed individuals, matched in age and gender. However, the characterization of these variations remains unclear. Here, we quantified the spatio-temporal network dynamics using two novel dynamic group-based measures, namely system diversity and spatio-temporal diversity. Using the public database ABIDE 1, we explored the differences between individuals with autism and typically developed individuals. Our results show evidence that individuals with autism have atypical connectivity patterns over time characterized by a lower integration of heterogeneous cognitive processes and unstable functional activity, except for the default mode network presenting its own specific dynamic pattern. Within the autism group, we find this pattern of results to be stronger in more severely affected patients with a predominance of symptoms in the social affect domain. However, patients with prominently restricted and repetitive behaviours demonstrate a more conservative profile of brain dynamics characterized by a lower spatio-temporal diversity of the default mode network.

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Neural responses in autism during movie watching: Inter-individual response variability co-varies with symptomatology

Cited by 27 publications

References 66 publications

Unraveling the Developmental Dynamic of Visual Exploration of Social Interactions in Autism

Unraveling the Developmental Dynamic of Visual Exploration of Social Interactions in Autism

Tapping into Multi-Faceted Human Behavior and Psychopathology Using fMRI Brain Dynamics

Distinct profiles of spatio-temporal brain dynamics along symptoms dimensions in autism

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