Neural network regulating heart activity in Aplysia depilans and its comparison with other gastropod species

Invertebrate Circulatory Systems

“…In considering the reviews of Aplysia studies in conjunction with others on different species, several aspects of regulation and the neural organization emerge:Comparing the work on Aplysia with papers on Lymnaea (84, 85), on Achatina (162), and on Helix (394) suggests that there are at least functional homologies between the various neurons controlling the heart. For example, Buckett et al (85) consider that in Lymnaea , neuron S HE is equivalent to RB HE ; K H has a very similar action to LD HI ‐1 and LD HI ‐2 ; and the interneuronal control exhibited by input 3 is comparable to that of L10 [see also (398)].The functional similarities can be extended to the level of organization. For example, within the gastropods, the same transmitters usually produce the same effects on the myocardium—5‐HT and FMRFamide excite, whereas acetylcholine inhibits.…”

“…A similar switching of neurons from one functional network to another, in part due to sensory input, has been described in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (198). In Aplysia heart, regulatory neurons can clearly express more than one transmitter.Central neurons or networks receive considerable afferent input from the heart, either directly (253, 396, 397, 398) or via changes in the blood supply to the abdominal ganglion (71). In the light of our knowledge concerning the role of abdominal ganglion neurons, the last, novel, study is particularly interesting.…”

“…Comparing the work on Aplysia with papers on Lyinnaea (83,84), on Achatina (161), and on Helix (393) suggests that there are at least functional homologies between the various neurons controlling the heart. For example, Buckett et al (84) consider that in Lymnaea, neuron SHE is equivalent to RBH,; K, has a very similar action to LD,,_, and LDHIP2; and the interneuronal control exhibited by input 3 is comparable to that of L10 [see also (397)l.…”

“…5. Central neurons or networks receive considerable afferent input from the heart, either directly (252,395,396,397) or via changes in the blood supply to the abdominal ganglion (70). In the light of our knowledge concerning the role of abdominal ganglion neurons, the last, novel, study is particularly interesting.…”

Invertebrate Circulatory Systems

“…In considering the reviews of Aplysia studies in conjunction with others on different species, several aspects of regulation and the neural organization emerge:Comparing the work on Aplysia with papers on Lymnaea (84, 85), on Achatina (162), and on Helix (394) suggests that there are at least functional homologies between the various neurons controlling the heart. For example, Buckett et al (85) consider that in Lymnaea , neuron S HE is equivalent to RB HE ; K H has a very similar action to LD HI ‐1 and LD HI ‐2 ; and the interneuronal control exhibited by input 3 is comparable to that of L10 [see also (398)].The functional similarities can be extended to the level of organization. For example, within the gastropods, the same transmitters usually produce the same effects on the myocardium—5‐HT and FMRFamide excite, whereas acetylcholine inhibits.…”

“…A similar switching of neurons from one functional network to another, in part due to sensory input, has been described in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (198). In Aplysia heart, regulatory neurons can clearly express more than one transmitter.Central neurons or networks receive considerable afferent input from the heart, either directly (253, 396, 397, 398) or via changes in the blood supply to the abdominal ganglion (71). In the light of our knowledge concerning the role of abdominal ganglion neurons, the last, novel, study is particularly interesting.…”

“…Comparing the work on Aplysia with papers on Lyinnaea (83,84), on Achatina (161), and on Helix (393) suggests that there are at least functional homologies between the various neurons controlling the heart. For example, Buckett et al (84) consider that in Lymnaea, neuron SHE is equivalent to RBH,; K, has a very similar action to LD,,_, and LDHIP2; and the interneuronal control exhibited by input 3 is comparable to that of L10 [see also (397)l.…”

“…5. Central neurons or networks receive considerable afferent input from the heart, either directly (252,395,396,397) or via changes in the blood supply to the abdominal ganglion (70). In the light of our knowledge concerning the role of abdominal ganglion neurons, the last, novel, study is particularly interesting.…”

Invertebrate Circulatory Systems

“…In considering the reviews of Aplysia studies in conjunction with others on different species, several aspects of regulation and the neural organization emerge:Comparing the work on Aplysia with papers on Lymnaea (84, 85), on Achatina (162), and on Helix (394) suggests that there are at least functional homologies between the various neurons controlling the heart. For example, Buckett et al (85) consider that in Lymnaea , neuron S HE is equivalent to RB HE ; K H has a very similar action to LD HI ‐1 and LD HI ‐2 ; and the interneuronal control exhibited by input 3 is comparable to that of L10 [see also (398)].The functional similarities can be extended to the level of organization. For example, within the gastropods, the same transmitters usually produce the same effects on the myocardium—5‐HT and FMRFamide excite, whereas acetylcholine inhibits.…”

“…A similar switching of neurons from one functional network to another, in part due to sensory input, has been described in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (198). In Aplysia heart, regulatory neurons can clearly express more than one transmitter.Central neurons or networks receive considerable afferent input from the heart, either directly (253, 396, 397, 398) or via changes in the blood supply to the abdominal ganglion (71). In the light of our knowledge concerning the role of abdominal ganglion neurons, the last, novel, study is particularly interesting.…”

“…Comparing the work on Aplysia with papers on Lyinnaea (83,84), on Achatina (161), and on Helix (393) suggests that there are at least functional homologies between the various neurons controlling the heart. For example, Buckett et al (84) consider that in Lymnaea, neuron SHE is equivalent to RBH,; K, has a very similar action to LD,,_, and LDHIP2; and the interneuronal control exhibited by input 3 is comparable to that of L10 [see also (397)l.…”

“…5. Central neurons or networks receive considerable afferent input from the heart, either directly (252,395,396,397) or via changes in the blood supply to the abdominal ganglion (70). In the light of our knowledge concerning the role of abdominal ganglion neurons, the last, novel, study is particularly interesting.…”

Invertebrate Circulatory Systems

“…In considering the reviews of Aplysia studies in conjunction with others on different species, several aspects of regulation and the neural organization emerge:Comparing the work on Aplysia with papers on Lymnaea (84, 85), on Achatina (162), and on Helix (394) suggests that there are at least functional homologies between the various neurons controlling the heart. For example, Buckett et al (85) consider that in Lymnaea , neuron S HE is equivalent to RB HE ; K H has a very similar action to LD HI ‐1 and LD HI ‐2 ; and the interneuronal control exhibited by input 3 is comparable to that of L10 [see also (398)].The functional similarities can be extended to the level of organization. For example, within the gastropods, the same transmitters usually produce the same effects on the myocardium—5‐HT and FMRFamide excite, whereas acetylcholine inhibits.…”

“…A similar switching of neurons from one functional network to another, in part due to sensory input, has been described in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (198). In Aplysia heart, regulatory neurons can clearly express more than one transmitter.Central neurons or networks receive considerable afferent input from the heart, either directly (253, 396, 397, 398) or via changes in the blood supply to the abdominal ganglion (71). In the light of our knowledge concerning the role of abdominal ganglion neurons, the last, novel, study is particularly interesting.…”

“…Comparing the work on Aplysia with papers on Lyinnaea (83,84), on Achatina (161), and on Helix (393) suggests that there are at least functional homologies between the various neurons controlling the heart. For example, Buckett et al (84) consider that in Lymnaea, neuron SHE is equivalent to RBH,; K, has a very similar action to LD,,_, and LDHIP2; and the interneuronal control exhibited by input 3 is comparable to that of L10 [see also (397)l.…”

“…5. Central neurons or networks receive considerable afferent input from the heart, either directly (252,395,396,397) or via changes in the blood supply to the abdominal ganglion (70). In the light of our knowledge concerning the role of abdominal ganglion neurons, the last, novel, study is particularly interesting.…”