Neural Network for Forecasting Energy Consumption Load of a Railway Marshalling Yard

Abstract

A multilayer neural network has been designed to forecast average daily energy consumption of a railway marshalling yard. The suggested model comprises a multilayer perceptron using 22 inputs, the n-th number of hidden layers and one output. The number of hidden layers in the neural network and neurons in them was chosen experimentally. A comparative selection of activation functions and training methods has allowed for all other parameters to achieve a minimum average relative error. Two types of loads corresponding to holidays (non-working) and working days were identified. An additional input node with binary coding and two nodes for coding the season were introduced due to a certain repeatability characterizing samples of prediction of loads of energy consumption of the marshalling yard depending on type of a day and on a season. As accounting of the dependence of the forecast on load values in previous days and years (dynamic dependencies) is most important factor, this neural network takes into account the average daily energy consumption during four days of the current period, precedingthe forecasted date, and the average daily power consumption during four days prior to this date during last three years.As a result, considering all factors and experimentally selected parameters of the neural network, the minimum resulting error of MAPE is about 1,4 %, which shows the advantage of the developed neural network in comparison with two other methods of solution of the problem, suggested by other researchers.

Forecasting electricity consumption by LSTM neural network

“…Функциональная ошибка характеризует разницу между эталонным значением и значениями выходного сигнала и определяется с помощью следующего выражения [14]:…”

“…Такая корректировка весовых коэффициентов ускоряет процесс обучения. Для определения весовых коэффициентов рекомендуется выполнять около сотни итераций, обеспечивающих уменьшение ошибки прогнозирования [14][15][16].…”