Neural differentiation of Xenopus laevis ectoderm takes place after disaggregation and delayed reaggregation without inducer

Grunz, Horst; Tacke, Lothar

doi:10.1016/0922-3371(89)90006-3

Cited by 213 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This "default" mechanism of neural fate specification was elucidated by experiments in which single cells from early cleavage and gastrulating embryos were cultured at low density in serum-free conditions, mimicking an environment free of extrinsic signaling. In these conditions, cells autonomously adopted a neural identity (Godsave and Slack, 1989;Grunz and Tacke, 1989;Sato and Sargent, 1989). Low-density culture in minimal, serum-free conditions with mESCs yielded similar findings as these cells adopted a neural phenotype within 4 to 24 h (Tropepe et al, 2001;Smukler et al, 2006).…”

Section: Nsc Colonies Can Be Clonally Derived From Hesc Colony Cellssupporting

confidence: 51%

Clonal Neural Stem Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies

Chaddah

Arntfield²,

Runciman³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neuroscience

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Section: Nsc Colonies Can Be Clonally Derived From Hesc Colony Cellssupporting

confidence: 51%

Clonal Neural Stem Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies

Chaddah

Arntfield²,

Runciman³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neuroscience

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“…and Ca 2? -free) also differentiated into neural cells [127,128]. The mere act of dissociation was enough to release Ca 2?…”

Section: Neuronal Differentiation and Cell Cycle Genesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Retinoic acid signaling and neuronal differentiation

Janesick

Blumberg

2015

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

235

173

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“…In our previous study (11), grafts frequently showed heterogeneous morphology and often became very large, disrupting the cytoarchitecture at the implantation site, which prevented the possibility for functional integration. Because neurons develop from ES cells even when implanted outside the central nervous system (11) and ectoderm develops into neural tissue when cellto-cell communication is disrupted by dissociation of the cells (12)(13)(14), we hypothesized that dilution of ES cells into single-cell suspensions of low ES cell concentrations would result in neuronal development. A low cell concentration decreases ES cell-to-cell contact and increases the influence from the adult host striatum, which in contrast to adult neurogenic regions may restrict cell migration and proliferation, thus allowing default differentiation (15)(16)(17) into neurons in this paradigm.…”

Section: P Arkinson's Disease (Pd) Is a Degenerative Disorder Charactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic stem cells develop into functional dopaminergic neurons after transplantation in a Parkinson rat model

Björklund

Sánchez‐Pernaute

Chung

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,087

670

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Although implantation of fetal dopamine (DA) neurons can reduce parkinsonism in patients, current methods are rudimentary, and a reliable donor cell source is lacking. We show that transplanting low doses of undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into the rat striatum results in a proliferation of ES cells into fully differentiated DA neurons. ES cell-derived DA neurons caused gradual and sustained behavioral restoration of DA-mediated motor asymmetry. Behavioral recovery paralleled in vivo positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging data demonstrating DA-mediated hemodynamic changes in the striatum and associated brain circuitry. These results demonstrate that transplanted ES cells can develop spontaneously into DA neurons. Such DA neurons can restore cerebral function and behavior in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. P arkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder characterized by a loss of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons with a subsequent reduction in striatal DA (1). Pharmacological treatment with L-DOPA works initially, but reduced efficacy and development of motor complications requires treatment alternatives such as deep brain stimulation and fetal DA neuron transplantation (2). There is evidence both from animal models and clinical investigations showing that fetal DA neurons can produce symptomatic relief (3-6). Technical and ethical difficulties in obtaining sufficient and appropriate donor fetal brain tissue have limited the application of this new therapy.Previous work showed that DA neurons can be produced in vitro from ventral mesencephalic (VM) precursor cells (7). A problem using expanded fetal VM precursors (7) is the low in vivo survival rate of 3-5% of the grafted DA neurons, which eliminates the actual gain by in vitro cell number expansion compared with fresh (unexpanded) fetal day-12 VM (7,8).Embryonic stem (ES) cells have many characteristics required for an optimal cell source for cell-replacement therapy (9, 10). ES cells are self-renewing and multipotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of the preimplantation blastocyst (11). We have shown previously that mouse ES cells transplanted to normal mice or 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA)-lesioned rats can differentiate spontaneously into tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive and serotonin (5HT)-positive neurons. This differentiation is likely not caused by a specific inductive signal from the host brain, because similar neuronal differentiation occurs after placement in the kidney capsule (11). In our previous study (11), grafts frequently showed heterogeneous morphology and often became very large, disrupting the cytoarchitecture at the implantation site, which prevented the possibility for functional integration. Because neurons develop from ES cells even when implanted outside the central nervous system (11) and ectoderm develops into neural tissue when cellto-cell communication is disrupted by dissociation of the cells (12-14), we hypothesized that dilution of ES cells into single-cell suspension...

show abstract

Neural differentiation of Xenopus laevis ectoderm takes place after disaggregation and delayed reaggregation without inducer

Cited by 213 publications

References 14 publications

Clonal Neural Stem Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies

Clonal Neural Stem Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies

Retinoic acid signaling and neuronal differentiation

Embryonic stem cells develop into functional dopaminergic neurons after transplantation in a Parkinson rat model

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