Neural Descending Pathways From the Cortical Jaw Motor Area and Amygdaloid Nucleus to Jaw Muscles

Neural Mechanisms of Mandibular Control: Mastication and Voluntary Biting

“…Rhythmic oscillations of motoneuron membrane potentials were observed when the animals were paralyzed. Stimulation of the amygdala was far more effective in producing large depolarizations and repetitive firing in motoneurons of jaw‐closing muscles than was stimulation of the cortex, an observation consistent with prior studies with stimulation of the amygdala (123, 130, 131, 165).…”

“…The only forebrain structure, other than the cerebral cortex, that has been extensively studied with respect to the induction of rhythmic jaw movements is the amygdala. Several studies have demonstrated that repetitive stimulation in this region evokes rhythmic activity of the jaws and tongue that resembles normal chewing (123, 130, 131, 165). Such activity is seen even after the lateral regions of the motor cortex have been ablated.…”

Neural Mechanisms of Mandibular Control: Mastication and Voluntary Biting

“…Rhythmic oscillations of motoneuron membrane potentials were observed when the animals were paralyzed. Stimulation of the amygdala was far more effective in producing large depolarizations and repetitive firing in motoneurons of jaw‐closing muscles than was stimulation of the cortex, an observation consistent with prior studies with stimulation of the amygdala (123, 130, 131, 165).…”

“…The only forebrain structure, other than the cerebral cortex, that has been extensively studied with respect to the induction of rhythmic jaw movements is the amygdala. Several studies have demonstrated that repetitive stimulation in this region evokes rhythmic activity of the jaws and tongue that resembles normal chewing (123, 130, 131, 165). Such activity is seen even after the lateral regions of the motor cortex have been ablated.…”

Modification of Cortically Evoked Rhythmic Chewing and Swallowing From Midbrain and Pons

“…As to the decussation of the descending pathway pertaining to rhythmic chewing, despite the contradictory finding by MAGOUN et al (1933), SHERRINGTON (1917) postulated its presence andMILLER (1919-20) and RIOCH (1934) reported also bilateral innervation of masticatory muscle from one rabbit cortex. KAWAMURA and TSUKAMOTO (1960b) agreed that it may exist in the midbrain. Thus, motoneurons on each side may also receive cortical efferent fibers bilaterally as well as fibers from the chewing center (Fig.…”

“…Two corticofugal pathways for mastication may be postulated from the findings that (1) single-shock stimuli to the frontal cortex produce responses in bilateral digastric muscles, whereas such stimulus to the mesencephalic reticular formation do so only in the ipsilateral muscles (KAWAMURA and TSUKAMOTO, 1960b) and (2) as shown in Fig. 4, after a midline split is made, cortically evoked rhythmic mastication is eliminated but nonrhythmic jaw opening is consistently preserved.…”

Mastication and its Control by the Brain Stem

“…46 Mastication can also be activated by stimulation of the basal ganglia, lateral hypothalamus, parts of the amygdala and midbrain reticular formation. 49 -6670…”

Neural Mechanisms of Mandibular Control: Mastication and Voluntary Biting

“…Rhythmic oscillations of motoneuron membrane potentials were observed when the animals were paralyzed. Stimulation of the amygdala was far more effective in producing large depolarizations and repetitive firing in motoneurons of jaw‐closing muscles than was stimulation of the cortex, an observation consistent with prior studies with stimulation of the amygdala (123, 130, 131, 165).…”

“…The only forebrain structure, other than the cerebral cortex, that has been extensively studied with respect to the induction of rhythmic jaw movements is the amygdala. Several studies have demonstrated that repetitive stimulation in this region evokes rhythmic activity of the jaws and tongue that resembles normal chewing (123, 130, 131, 165). Such activity is seen even after the lateral regions of the motor cortex have been ablated.…”

Modification of Cortically Evoked Rhythmic Chewing and Swallowing From Midbrain and Pons

“…As to the decussation of the descending pathway pertaining to rhythmic chewing, despite the contradictory finding by MAGOUN et al (1933), SHERRINGTON (1917) postulated its presence andMILLER (1919-20) and RIOCH (1934) reported also bilateral innervation of masticatory muscle from one rabbit cortex. KAWAMURA and TSUKAMOTO (1960b) agreed that it may exist in the midbrain. Thus, motoneurons on each side may also receive cortical efferent fibers bilaterally as well as fibers from the chewing center (Fig.…”

“…Two corticofugal pathways for mastication may be postulated from the findings that (1) single-shock stimuli to the frontal cortex produce responses in bilateral digastric muscles, whereas such stimulus to the mesencephalic reticular formation do so only in the ipsilateral muscles (KAWAMURA and TSUKAMOTO, 1960b) and (2) as shown in Fig. 4, after a midline split is made, cortically evoked rhythmic mastication is eliminated but nonrhythmic jaw opening is consistently preserved.…”

Mastication and its Control by the Brain Stem

“…46 Mastication can also be activated by stimulation of the basal ganglia, lateral hypothalamus, parts of the amygdala and midbrain reticular formation. 49 -6670…”

Neural Mechanisms of Mandibular Control: Mastication and Voluntary Biting

“…Rhythmic oscillations of motoneuron membrane potentials were observed when the animals were paralyzed. Stimulation of the amygdala was far more effective in producing large depolarizations and repetitive firing in motoneurons of jaw‐closing muscles than was stimulation of the cortex, an observation consistent with prior studies with stimulation of the amygdala (123, 130, 131, 165).…”

“…The only forebrain structure, other than the cerebral cortex, that has been extensively studied with respect to the induction of rhythmic jaw movements is the amygdala. Several studies have demonstrated that repetitive stimulation in this region evokes rhythmic activity of the jaws and tongue that resembles normal chewing (123, 130, 131, 165). Such activity is seen even after the lateral regions of the motor cortex have been ablated.…”

Modification of Cortically Evoked Rhythmic Chewing and Swallowing From Midbrain and Pons

“…As to the decussation of the descending pathway pertaining to rhythmic chewing, despite the contradictory finding by MAGOUN et al (1933), SHERRINGTON (1917) postulated its presence andMILLER (1919-20) and RIOCH (1934) reported also bilateral innervation of masticatory muscle from one rabbit cortex. KAWAMURA and TSUKAMOTO (1960b) agreed that it may exist in the midbrain. Thus, motoneurons on each side may also receive cortical efferent fibers bilaterally as well as fibers from the chewing center (Fig.…”

“…Two corticofugal pathways for mastication may be postulated from the findings that (1) single-shock stimuli to the frontal cortex produce responses in bilateral digastric muscles, whereas such stimulus to the mesencephalic reticular formation do so only in the ipsilateral muscles (KAWAMURA and TSUKAMOTO, 1960b) and (2) as shown in Fig. 4, after a midline split is made, cortically evoked rhythmic mastication is eliminated but nonrhythmic jaw opening is consistently preserved.…”

Mastication and its Control by the Brain Stem

“…46 Mastication can also be activated by stimulation of the basal ganglia, lateral hypothalamus, parts of the amygdala and midbrain reticular formation. 49 -6670…”