Neue Versuche zur Züchtung der im Pansen von Wiederkäuern lebenden Ophryoscoleciden (Ciliata)

Knoth, Max

doi:10.1007/bf02120100

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Earlier attempts by Knoth (1928), Margolin (1930), and Westphal (1934) met only with very limited success. I n the present work, Hungate's technique (1942) was followed quite closely but with different species of oligotrichs.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Cultivation and Metabolism of Oligotrich Protozoa from the Sheep's Rumen

Sugden¹

1953

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY : Suspensions of the oligotrich protozoan, Metadinium medium, were extracted from whole rumen contents by allowing the large protozoa to settle out from the bulk of the rumen liquor and concentrating by pouring off the supernatant. The settled protozoa were separated from the associated m e n debris by incubation with maltose, when a bacterial fermentation set in with a Vigorous production of gas which carried most of the rumen debris to the surface for removal by gentle suction. After repeated washing of the protozoa by resuspension in buffer and removal of the supernatant, M . medium was cultivated on powdered cotton-wool (0.05%) and powdered hay (0.05%) in buffer at pH 6.8. These oligotrich protozoa remained alive and dividing for 12 days. A species of Entodinium, concentrated from rumen liquor and washed by centrifugation, after the larger protozoa had settled out, was kept alive for 12-14 days under similar conditions in the presence of rice starch grains instead of powdered cotton-wool. Streptomycin (560 pg./ml.) was used to prepare cultures of protozoa which were bacteriologically sterile when tested by streaking agar plates containing yeast extract, starch and glucose or cellobiose. Under these conditions, Entodinium spp. disappeared within 24 hr. and M . medium in 3 or 4 days. This suggests that these organisms are dependent on bacteria for some of their metabolic processes. It is concluded that the species of Metadinium studied here contained symbiotic cellulolytic bacteria which were destroyed by streptomycin, but that the protozoa continued at least for some time to draw on their polysaccharide reserves after treatment with the antibiotic. Rumen oligotrichs may be of use to the sheep by acting as 'reservoirs' of polysaccharide and so preventing rapid bacterial breakdown. The relationship between the protozoa and the ruminant is considered to be a true symbiosis.There are several records of attempts to cultivate oligotrich protozoa of the rumen contents of ruminants; the most successful attempts were those of Hungate (1942Hungate ( , 1943

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The Cultivation and Metabolism of Oligotrich Protozoa from the Sheep's Rumen

Sugden¹

1953

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…In nature, on the other hand, a fauna rich in ''aerobic" protozoa which appear perfectly normal, is often found in habitats that, like the stagnating strata of lakes, are devoid of oxygen for weeks or even months at a time. According to Juday (1908) and von Brand (1934) The following forms have been cultured under more or less strictly anaerobic conditions : intestinal Trichomonads (Andrews, 1926;Cleveland, 1928 and1928a), TricJiomonas foetus (Witte, 1933), Trichomonas vaginalis (Johnson, 1941), Endamoeha histolytica (Dobell and Laidlaw, 1926;Snyder and Meleney, 1941, 1943, Balantidium (Barret and Yarbrough, 1921;Scott, 1927;Pritze, 1928 ;Schumaker, 1931 ;Tanabe and Komada, 1932;Nagahana, 1932;Levitanskaja, 1938), ciliates parasitizing the stomach of ruminants (Knoth, 1928;Westphal, 1934;Hungate, 1941Hungate, , 1942Hungate, , 1943, Nyctotherus and opalinids from the frog (Piitter, 1905;Konsuloff, 1922).…”

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confidence: 99%