Nerve Fiber Immunohistochemical Panel Discriminates between Nerve Sheath and Perivascular Wall Tumors

Abstract

Benign and malignant nerve sheath tumors (NST) pose a major challenge in routine diagnostic anatomic pathology because of shared histomorphological features with other soft-tissue tumors (STT). As a result, NST are often diagnosed as STT, a broad category that encompasses various entities including perivascular wall tumors (PWT) and that represents approximately 15% of all skin tumors in dogs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can assist the identification of histologic subtypes of STT. This IHC pilot study applies various markers largely expressed by peripheral nerves to twelve benign and six malignant NST and determines the intratumoral protein expression of laminin, periaxin-1, Sox-10 and S-100 in the NST subtypes. Furthermore, this study assesses the usefulness of peripheral nerve markers applied to diagnostic work cases and demonstrates the relevance of laminin expression patterns, periaxin-1 and Sox-10 in assisting the differentiation of NST from other STT, in particular from PWT.

Case report: Intraneural perineurioma in dogs: a case series and brief literature review

“…Similar to the published cases, vimentin (2/2 cases), laminin (5/5 cases), and claudin-1(1/1 case) frequently labeled neoplastic perineurial cells. Previously, Sisó et al ( 14 ) has shown positive expression of S-100, GFAP, Periaxin, and Sox-10 in canine perineuriomas.…”

“…The intermediate filament protein GFAP, primarily expressed in glial cells, exhibits variable expression in benign nerve sheath tumors ( 14 ). No GFAP expression was detected in the presented cases 1–3.…”

“…For example, laminin is commonly utilized in diagnosing peripheral nerve sheath tumors, although it is expressed in both neoplastic Schwann and perineurial cells. Sox-10, which exhibits high expression in Schwann cells, demonstrates strong and diffuse immunoreactivity in Schwannomas ( 14 ). NF200 and Periaxin are two immunomarkers that can be used to highlight centrally entrapped axons in pseudo-onion bulbs in perineuriomas ( 7 , 14 ).…”

“…Sox-10, which exhibits high expression in Schwann cells, demonstrates strong and diffuse immunoreactivity in Schwannomas ( 14 ). NF200 and Periaxin are two immunomarkers that can be used to highlight centrally entrapped axons in pseudo-onion bulbs in perineuriomas ( 7 , 14 ). In human medicine, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) is a widely used immunohistochemical marker for identifying perineuriomas ( 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 ); however, its applicability in veterinary species is limited.…”

Nasal spindle cell tumor: A case report and literature review

“…S-100 and Leu-7 are positive in immunohistochemistry. [ 12 , 13 ] Clinical signs and symptoms may vary depending on the anatomical location of HN tumors. Most patients present with painless masses, while some may present with pain and tenderness.…”