Nephroprotective Activity of Ethanol Extract of Kirinyuh (Chromolaena Odorata L) in Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Objective: The global prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) was 9.1% (697.5 million cases). Chronic kidney disease can occur, one of which is caused by drug nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity remains major problem for its effective long-term clinical use. Gentamicin is known to cause many morphologic, metabolic and functional alterations in the kidney and the specificity of gentamicin nephrotoxicity is related to its accumulation in the renal proximal convoluted tubules leading to tubular necrosis. Nephrotoxicity can be prevented by nephroprotective by giving antioxidants. Kirinyuh leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) has potential as a nephroprotective because it contains chemical compounds that have antioxidant activity.
 Methods: Wistar rats as many as 25 animals were divided into five groups, namely the normal control negative control (gentamicin 60 mg/kg BW rat), and kirinyuh leaf extract at a dose of 225, 450 and 675 mg/kg BW treatment was carried out for 10 d. Serum creatinine and urea levels were evaluated along with histopathological investigation in various experimental groups of rats. Data analysis using the One Way Anova test and continued LSD test.
 Results: Serum creatinine was a significant difference between groups P = 0.000 (P<0.05). The results of LSD analysis on creatinine levels showed a significant difference between the normal group and the negative group (P = 0.00); negative group to dose group 1 (P = 0.020) (P<0.05); dose 2 (P = 0.005) (P<0.05); and dose 3 (P = 0.000) (P<0.05). Dose 3 had the lowest creatinine level compared to other dose groups.
 Conclusion: Serum creatinine level at dose 675 significantly changes compare by a negative group of other dose groups. Renal histopathology results showed that the group with a dose of 450 mg/BW of rats had the lowest necrosis rate compared to the negative control group and other dose groups.

Activity Nanokirinyuh (Chromolaena Odorata) Leaves Extract in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

“…Alloxan can destroy the insulin secreting cells of the pancreas resulting in hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia [11]. Flavonoids can reduce the number of lesions formed by increasing the amount of exogenous antioxidants in the body to compensate for endogenous antioxidants and natural antioxidant activity that can neutralize or capture free radicals [5].…”

“…There is emerging evidence that oxidative stress makes a significant contribution to the progression of diabetes and its associated complications [2,4]. Flavonoids in Kirinyuh leaves have a high antioxidant activity with a concentration inhibitor value (IC50) of 9.5671 ppm and has an antioxidant capacity of 49.037% [5]. Nanoparticles can be used as a conductor for more effective pharmaceutical compounds or drugs [6].…”

Synthesis of Encapsulated Chromolaena Odorata Leaf Extract in Chitosan Nanoparticle by Using Ionic Gelation Method and Its Antioxidant Activity

“…Mixture was shaken for 5 min. The formation of red, yellow or orange filtrate that can be pulled by amyl alcohol indicates the presence of flavonoids [12].…”

“…Solution of iron (III) chloride was added into the first part, the formation of blue-black color indicates the presence of tannins and polyphenols. Gelatin 1% was added into the second part; the formation of white sediment indicates the presence of tannins [12].…”

“…The obtained filtrate was cooled, then it was shaken firmly for a few minutes. The diluted hydrochloric acid added the formation of foam as high as 1 cm indicates presence of saponin compounds [12].…”