Neonatal neurosonography: A pictorial essay

Bhat, Venkatraman; Bhat, Varun

doi:10.4103/0971-3026.143901

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Hydrocephalus constitutes to a large number of cases that can be diagnosed and followed up by NSG. [9] Infections Cranial sonography is often the first imaging modality used in the evaluation of critically ill infants with suspected meningitis. Because the major advantage being its ability to repeat, follow-up and it can be again performed if any clinical deterioration occurs.…”

Section: Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Perinatal Neurosonogram for Intracranial Pathology: Study of 165 Cases

Humsene¹,

Krishnaveni²,

Sarada³

2016

JMSH

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Background:The presence of open fontanelle in infants plays a major role in the ability to image the brain with ultrasound. The premature infants are more prone for hypoxic-ischemic insults and complications, which on early diagnosis helps the neonatal brain to protect from further insults. Aims and Objectives: Evaluation of intracranial pathologies by transcranial neurosonography in neonates and infants, by dividing into three groups: Preterms before 34 weeks, after 34 weeks, and unrelated to gestational age. All preterms and neonates are scanned early to diagnose intracerebral hemorrhages, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), infections, and congenital problems and later follow-up scans to identify its complications for the timely management of neonate. Materials and Methods: A total of 165 infants with clinical suspicion evaluated on neurosonogram for 2 years. The study was conducted in the Department of Radiology using multi-frequency convex probe, sector probe and small linear probe, and Doppler flow studies. The babies were screened in coronal, sagittal, parasagittal planes using anterior fontanelle, transtemporal as an acoustic windows, and additional views whenever necessary. Results: Positive sonographic findings identified in 120 patients. Some patients showed more than one sonographic findings. 75% of preterm babies presented with intraventricular hemorrhage and on follow-up scans showed communicating hydrocephalus in 75% and 16% porencephalic cysts. In HIE, 74% had cerebral edema followed by periventricular echo densities. 10 cases of periventricular leukomalacia with 2-3 mm cystic lesions resulting in cerebral palsy. All infections presented with echogenic sulci or meningeal thickening in 38%. Hydrocephalus being the common sequelae in 48%. In congenital anomalies, hydrocephalus predominates the study in 54% with other associated anomalies such as Dandy-Walker malformation. Conclusion:Neurosonography is a non-invasive, safe, cost effective and allows for the prediction of neurological development. It provides a clue to a wide range of pathology and spectrum of pathological imaging appearances encountered in neonates. It is an accurate and sensitive modality for early diagnosis and timely management.

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Section: Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Perinatal Neurosonogram for Intracranial Pathology: Study of 165 Cases

Humsene¹,

Krishnaveni²,

Sarada³

2016

JMSH

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“…9, 10 Cranial sonography is the best initial radiological investigation due to its availability and portability. 11 The preterm infants with the possibility of germinal matrix hemorrhages are not able to tolerate transport for CT or MRI, so USG provides good early diagnostic information. 12 Ultrasonography through the anterior fontanelle in infants is helpful for the evaluation of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of cranial ultrasound in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus in children under 6 months of age keeping CT scan as a gold standard

Akram

Khalid

Farman

et al. 2020

JRMC

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Background: CT and MRI modalities are considered a gold standard for the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. The more readily available and cheap options like sonography are being sought out for the diagnosis of this entity. Objectives: To determine the accuracy of cranial ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus keeping CT scan as a gold standard. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Pediatrics, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from 01-01-2017 to 30-06-2017 Materials and Methods: A total of 121 children with a clinical diagnosis of hydrocephalus were selected and subjected to ultrasound of the head. Subsequently, a CT scan of the head was done and both modalities were compared. The diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasound was determined to keep CT findings as to the gold standard. Results: The mean age was 51.36 ± 34.01 days. The male gender was dominant as 81 (66.9%) patients were males. Ultrasonography of the head detected 93 (76.9%) patients with hydrocephalus while CT scan detected 90 (74.4%). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of USG to diagnosed hydrocephalus were 88.9%, 58.1%, 86.0%, 64.3% and 80.99% respectively Conclusion: Ultrasonography of head is a valuable screening tool for the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. Keywords: Hydrocephalus, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ultrasonography

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“…8 This finding is consistent with other studies. 9 Ventriculitis usually arises from the choroid plexus. On sonography, there is echogenic irregular ependyma with irregular hyperechoic choroid plexus and ventricular exudates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%