Neoantigen‐reactive T cell: An emerging role in adoptive cellular immunotherapy

Zhu, Yicheng; Qian, Youkun; Li, Zhile; Li, Yangyang; Li, Bin

doi:10.1002/mco2.41

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(181 reference statements)

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“…Currently, the identification of neoantigens largely depends on techniques like whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and MHC–peptide binding prediction algorithms. The process is complex and expensive, and also costs a lot of time 19,20 . We have constructed a neoantigen peptide library based on the frequency of mutation of genes in common solid tumors, aiming at identifying mutations in a more timely and straightforward manner 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualised adjuvant immunotherapy with neoantigen‐reactive T cells for gastric signet‐ring cell carcinoma

Ding,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Clin & Trans Imm

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ObjectivesThe signet‐ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the stomach is highly invasive. Patients with stage III gastric SRCC usually experience tumor recurrence within 2 years after radical surgery. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment to postpone recurrence following adjuvant chemotherapy. Our study aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of neoantigen‐reactive T lymphocytes (NRTs) in patients with stage III gastric SRCC.MethodsThe study included 20 patients with stage III gastric SRCC who received radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Following the adjuvant chemotherapy, they underwent treatment with a range of one to four cycles of personalised neoantigen‐reactive T cells. The primary endpoint was the median progression‐free survival (mDFS). The secondary endpoint was safety and immune responses. The median duration of follow‐up was 41 months (95% CI: 39–42.9 months).ResultsOur results showed that patients who received adjuvant neoantigen‐reactive T‐cell immunotherapy demonstrated a propensity towards prolonged disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in comparison to previous studies. The 2‐year DFS and OS rates reached 73.7% and 95%, respectively, whereas the 5‐year DFS and OS rates were 44% and 69%. The median DFS was 41 months (95% CI: 28.9–53.1 months) and the median OS was not reached. In addition, there was a significant increase in serum concentrations of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ after cell immunotherapy. The adverse reactions were mild.ConclusionIn conclusion, adjuvant immunotherapy with NRTs showed promising efficacy alongside a manageable safety profile.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualised adjuvant immunotherapy with neoantigen‐reactive T cells for gastric signet‐ring cell carcinoma

Ding,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Clin & Trans Imm

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“…Neoantigen-reactive T cells (NRTs), which have been studied in recent years, target the antigens expressed by tumor cells and can completely eliminate tumors and retain normal tissues, thereby achieving better anti-tumor effects than the previously mentioned methods (Fig. 3 B) [ 53 ]. Nevertheless, solid tumors exhibit heterogeneity and rarely express one tumor-specific antigen [ 54 ].…”

Section: Types Of Tumor Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging biomaterials for tumor immunotherapy

et al. 2023

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Background The immune system interacts with cancer cells in various intricate ways that can protect the individual from overproliferation of cancer cells; however, these interactions can also lead to malignancy. There has been a dramatic increase in the application of cancer immunotherapy in the last decade. However, low immunogenicity, poor specificity, weak presentation efficiency, and off-target side effects still limit its widespread application. Fortunately, advanced biomaterials effectively contribute immunotherapy and play an important role in cancer treatment, making it a research hotspot in the biomedical field. Main body This review discusses immunotherapies and the development of related biomaterials for application in the field. The review first summarizes the various types of tumor immunotherapy applicable in clinical practice as well as their underlying mechanisms. Further, it focuses on the types of biomaterials applied in immunotherapy and related research on metal nanomaterials, silicon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, polymer nanoparticles, and cell membrane nanocarriers. Moreover, we introduce the preparation and processing technologies of these biomaterials (liposomes, microspheres, microneedles, and hydrogels) and summarize their mechanisms when applied to tumor immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss future advancements and shortcomings related to the application of biomaterials in tumor immunotherapy. Conclusion Research on biomaterial-based tumor immunotherapy is booming; however, several challenges remain to be overcome to transition from experimental research to clinical application. Biomaterials have been optimized continuously and nanotechnology has achieved continuous progression, ensuring the development of more efficient biomaterials, thereby providing a platform and opportunity for breakthroughs in tumor immunotherapy. Graphical Abstract

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“…Furthermore, removing physical barriers, inhibiting oncogenic signaling pathways, regulatory T cells (Tregs) depletion, and use of drug‐receptor delivery signals, checkpoint blockers, and nanoparticles in drug delivery could increase the effectiveness of NRT immunotherapy. [ 36 ] Using liposomes containing immune booster cytokines can increase T cell antitumor function in the TME. According to the lessons learned from the fourth‐generation CAR‐T cells, it may be possible to design engineered NRTs for expressing cytokines and immune‐stimulating growth factors to enhance the effectiveness of treatment and overcome immunosuppressive TME.…”

Section: Neoantigen‐reactive T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important of these clinical trials are NCT03354390 (neoantigen: HERV‐E), NCT04146298 (neoantigen: KRAS G12V ), NCT03745326 (neoantigen: KRAS G12D ), and NCT03412877 (neoantigen: individualized). [ 36 ]…”

Section: Nrts In Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neo‐Antigen‐Reactive T Cells Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A More Personalized Cancer Therapy Approach

Chen,

Kong,

Lin

2023

Global Challenges

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignancy in women and the third most frequent cancer in men. Evidence has revealed that the survival of patients with metastatic CRC is very low, between one and three years. Neoantigens are known proteins encoded by mutations in tumor cells. It is theorized that recognizing neoantigens by T cells leads to T cell activation and further antitumor responses. Neoantigen‐reactive T cells (NRTs) are designed against the mentioned neoantigens expressed by tumor cells. NRTs selectively kill tumor cells without damage to non‐cancerous cells. Identifying patient‐specific and high immunogen neoantigens is important in NRT immunotherapy of patients with CRC. However, the main challenges are the side effects and preparation of NRTs, as well as the effectiveness of these cells in vivo. This review summarized the properties of neoantigens as well as the preparation and therapeutic outcomes of NRTs for the treatment of CRC.

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Neoantigen‐reactive T cell: An emerging role in adoptive cellular immunotherapy

Cited by 13 publications

References 105 publications

Individualised adjuvant immunotherapy with neoantigen‐reactive T cells for gastric signet‐ring cell carcinoma

Individualised adjuvant immunotherapy with neoantigen‐reactive T cells for gastric signet‐ring cell carcinoma

Emerging biomaterials for tumor immunotherapy

Neo‐Antigen‐Reactive T Cells Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A More Personalized Cancer Therapy Approach

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