Neighborhood Disadvantage: Pathways of Effects for Young Children

Abstract

The present study used Canadian National Longitudinal data to examine a model of the mechanisms through which the effects of neighborhood socioeconomic conditions impact young children's verbal and behavioral outcomes (N= 3,528; M age = 5.05 years, SD= 0.86). Integrating elements of social disorganization theory and family stress models, and results from structural equation models suggest that both neighborhood and family mechanisms played an important role in the transmission of neighborhood socioeconomic effects. Neighborhood disadvantage manifested its effect via lower neighborhood cohesion, which was associated with maternal depression and family dysfunction. These processes were, in turn, related to less consistent, less stimulating, and more punitive parenting behaviors, and ultimately, poorer child outcomes.

Neighbourhood Effects on Youth Educational Achievement in the Netherlands: Can Effects Be Identified and Do They Vary by Student Background Characteristics?

“…As Kauppinen (2008) explains, neighbourhoods play a large part in selecting students into schools, and it is in schools where some of the contextual effects occur. Research considering the ways parents may mediate or moderate neighbourhood influences on their children also has much to offer (Kohen et al, 2008;Pinderhughes et al, 2001;Pinkster and Droogleever Fortuijn, 2008). An important question for future research is why some students appear to be more or less susceptible to certain neighbourhood effects than others.…”

“…The role that parents and families can play in the transmission of neighbourhood effects to children and youth has also been highlighted (Kohen et al, 2008;Pinderhughes et al, 2001). Here, the notion is that, in addition to direct effects of the neighbourood environment, children can be affected indirectly through the neighbourhood's influence on parenting and family factors.…”

“…Here, the notion is that, in addition to direct effects of the neighbourood environment, children can be affected indirectly through the neighbourhood's influence on parenting and family factors. In a longitudinal study of Canadian children, Kohen et al (2008) identified the effects of neighbourhood deprivation on family functioning and maternal emotional health, which, in turn, had consequences for children's outcomes. They explain that``neighborhood-level economic and social hardship operate in a similar fashion to family-level disadvantage in creating conditions that stress the family unit and ultimately impact children'' (page 164).…”

O contexto ambiental e o desenvolvimento na primeira infância: estudos brasileiros

“…Another environment that can influence on child development, although less studied, even in the foreign literature, is the neighborhood where the family lives [51][52] . In Brazil, there are virtually no studies investigating the relationship between child development and the neighborhood, except for Campos et al 39 and Santos D et al 46 , who used secondary data to infer the role played by the neighborhood.…”

Understanding Football as a Vehicle for Enhancing Social Inclusion: Using an Intervention Mapping Framework

“…Further, a growing body of empirical evidence demonstrates that the contextual factors that impact upon a community or neighborhood has a bearing on a range of personal, psychosocial behaviours. Notably, poor economic conditions, opportunities, housing instability, crime rates and quality of life can impact school achievement, and influence emotional and behaviour problems in children and young people (Fauth, Leventhal, & Brooks-Gunn, 2007;Kohen et al, 2008;Leventhal & Brooks-Gunn, 2000;Prezza & Pacilli, 2007). Further Nixon et al (2003) highlighted ASB is dependent on context, location, community tolerance and quality of life expectations.…”