Neglected intravascular pathogens, Babesia vulpes and haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in European red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population

Koneval, Martina; Miterpáková, Martina; Hurníková, Z.; Blaňárová, Lucia; Víchová, Bronislava

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.06.029

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…On the other hand, B. canis infections constitute a serious health problem for dogs in Central Europe and Poland, contributing often to multiorgan complications and death [6,[29][30][31]. Babesia vulpes infections, however, are wide-spread among fox populations in Europe and the impact of this parasite, including its pathogenicity on fox health, has not been recognized todate [32]. Thus the detectability of Babesia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the detection efficiency of haemoparasite DNA in blood and faecal samples – the way to eco-epidemiological studies

Bajer

Dwużnik

Tołkacz

et al. 2019

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and objective. It is easier and non-invasive to obtain faecal samples compared with blood samples. Molecular techniques may enable detection of parasites even in tiny amounts of blood-containing faeces. We aimed to compare the sensitivity of detection of three Babesia species and Hepatozoon canis in blood and faecal samples, including samples derived from naturally infected hosts. Materials and method. Three groups were involved: 1) Nine BALB/c mice infected with Babesia microti sampled during acute (n=3), post-acute (n=3) and chronic phases of infection (n=3); 2) Eight dogs with symptoms of babesiosis; 3) Six red foxes infected with B. vulpes, one fox infected with B. canis, four foxes infected with H. canis. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood and faeces by use of commercial kits and amplified with genus-specific primers in one-step or nested PCR reactions. Selected PCR products were sequenced. Results. No positive results for faecal samples were obtained from H. canis-positive foxes in contrast to Babesia spp. infections. Positive results from PCRs were obtained for all BALB/c mice (100%), five dogs (62.5%) and four of seven foxes (57.1%). Successful sequencing was obtained for six selected murine samples (B. microti), four canine samples (B. canis) and for one fox sample (B. vulpes). The success of B. microti detection in murine faecal samples from acute, post-acute and chronic phases was identical (100%). Conclusions. Detectability of Babesia spp. infections was lower in naturally infected dogs and foxes, compared to experimentally infected mice. Detection of DNA in faecal samples can be useful in the detection of Babesia infection in populations from which blood samples are hard to obtain, but due regard must be given to the possibility that prevalence of infection may be severely underestimated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the detection efficiency of haemoparasite DNA in blood and faecal samples – the way to eco-epidemiological studies

Bajer

Dwużnik

Tołkacz

et al. 2019

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…There is a lack of information about mycoplasma in wild animals. Moreover, only a few studies report the occurrence of mycoplasmas in red foxes (Kanamoto et al, 1981;Sasaki et al, 2008;Koneval et al, 2017;Millán et al, 2018). Mycoplasma spp.…”

Section: 8s-its2-28smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in a study in Slovakia, out of 300 samples of red foxes tested, Mycoplasma spp. bacteria was detected in 13 (4.3%) (Koneval et al, 2017). Also, out of 12 red foxes, only one (0.83%) was positive for M. haemocanis in Japan (Sasaki et al, 2008).…”

Section: 8s-its2-28smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The red fox is adapted to different environments and can easily survive in urban areas (Teacher et al, 2011;Scott et al, 2014). Living in close proximity to people may pose a risk in the case of the transmission of zoonoses and veterinary diseases (Truyen et al, 1998;Hodžić et al, 2015;Koneval et al, 2017;Víchová et al, 2018). Determining the impact of wildlife for pathogen transmission is important for epidemiological studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, several studies showed that red foxes are a reservoir for zoonotic parasites, such as Echinococcus multilocularis, Trichinella spp., and Toxocara canis (Saeed et al, 2006; Bružinskaitė-Schmidhalter et al, 2012; Franssen et al, 2014; Karamon et al, 2018). Recent studies have revealed that in Europe, red foxes are infected with vector-borne pathogens (Hodžić et al, 2015;Koneval et al, 2017;Hodžić et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogen screening in the red fox (Vulpes Vulpes) from Lithuania

Paulauskas¹,

Sakalauskas²,

Lipatova³

et al. 2020

biologija

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The aim of this study was to screen free-ranging red foxes from Lithuania for the presence of different vector-borne pathogens. A total of 31 red foxes from three districts of Lithuania were molecularly tested for the presence of pathogens. Five different pathogens were detected in 83.9% of red foxes: Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp., Borrellia spp. and Babesia spp. The presence of Mycoplasma spp. and Dirofilaria spp. was not detected in our study.

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Molecular epidemiology of parasitic protozoa and Ehrlichia canis in wildlife in Madrid (central Spain)

et al. 2018

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Wildlife species are involved in the transmission of diverse pathogens. This study aimed to monitor raccoons (Procyon lotor), American minks (Neovison vison), and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as potential reservoirs in central Spain. Specifically, 200 spleen and fecal samples (from 194 raccoons, 3 minks, and 3 foxes) were analyzed molecularly by PCR/qPCR and sequencing for the presence of piroplasmids, Hepatozoon spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Ehrlichia canis infections in the Community of Madrid (Spain). Biological samples were obtained in the years 2014, 2015, and 2016. No pathogen DNA was found in fecal samples. In contrast, analysis of raccoon spleen samples revealed that Toxoplasma was the most prevalent pathogen (prevalence 3.6 ± 2.6%), followed by Hepatozoon canis and E. canis (each with a prevalence of 2.57 ± 2.2%). Hepatozoon canis was also diagnosed in all three of the analyzed foxes. Analysis of yearly prevalence showed that tick-borne pathogens were less frequent in raccoon in 2015, a dry and warm year compared both to 2014 and 2016. These data suggest that fecal PCR assays are unsuitable for detection of DNA of non-erythrocytic pathogens. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the raccoon (an invasive species often living in proximity to domestic areas) and the red fox are putative reservoirs for pathogenic organisms in the Community of Madrid.

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Neglected intravascular pathogens, Babesia vulpes and haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in European red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

Comparison of the detection efficiency of haemoparasite DNA in blood and faecal samples – the way to eco-epidemiological studies

Comparison of the detection efficiency of haemoparasite DNA in blood and faecal samples – the way to eco-epidemiological studies

Pathogen screening in the red fox (Vulpes Vulpes) from Lithuania

Molecular epidemiology of parasitic protozoa and Ehrlichia canis in wildlife in Madrid (central Spain)

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