Negation: A theory of its meaning, representation, and use

Khemlani, Sangeet; Orenes, Isabel; Johnson‐Laird, P. N.

doi:10.1080/20445911.2012.660913

Cited by 123 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…for the negative is an idea; there can be no image of it' (Burke, 1966 cited in Lake andPickering, 1998:81). In accordance, Khemlani et al (2012) claim that negation cannot have a perceptual representation --hence cannot be visualized. According to all scientists mentioned here, there cannot be a certain (part of an) image inherently expressing negation (or denial).…”

Section: Can Pictures Express Assertions?mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Although negation markers such as 'not' or 'no' can occupy various positions in a sentence, at the level of formal representation the place of the negator is relatively fixed and allows only for minimal variation, such as scope variation with respect to other operators like quantifiers or modal operators. 2 In the examples (1), taken from Khemlani et al (2012), (1a) exemplifies broad scope or sentential negation, whereas (1b) exemplifies narrow scope or VP-negation.…”

Section: Types Of Negation In Natural Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…If an entire utterance is denied, as in (2b), it is hard to speak about focus or focus sensitivity. In the words of Khemlani et al (2012): ''Intonational focus in a denial acts as a way to associate the interpretation of the focused element of a sentence with negation, and almost always serves to reduce the scope of the negation'' (Khemlani et al, 2012:545).…”

Section: Types Of Negation In Natural Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Can pictures say no or not? Negation and denial in the visual mode

Oversteegen

Schilperoord

2014

Journal of Pragmatics

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In principle, verbal and image languages have different ways of coding conceptual content. Moreover, there is no reason to believe that both modes, the linguistic and the visual, can convey identical contents, and indeed, linguists have claimed that images are not suited for expressing the meaning of certain linguistic categories, like negation. As the linguistic literature argues convincingly, in natural language a distinction between negation and denial is justified. Employing insights in visual communication and cognition science, this paper explores the possibilities for visually expressing negation and/or denial. At the hand of both the analysis and an empirical pilot study of a set of advertisements, we come up with a positive answer to the title question: yes, pictures can say 'no'.

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Section: Can Pictures Express Assertions?mentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Types Of Negation In Natural Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Types Of Negation In Natural Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Can pictures say no or not? Negation and denial in the visual mode

Oversteegen

Schilperoord

2014

Journal of Pragmatics

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“…As shown by the literature on it, which is very large (just some examples of works about this theory are Johnson-Laird, 2004, 2006, 2010, 2012Johnson-Laird, Khemlani, & Goodwin, 2015a, 2015bKhemlani, Orenes, & Johnson-Laird, 2012, 2014Oakhill & Garnham, 1996;Ragni, Sonntag, & Johnson-Laird, 2016), MMT can properly explain many cognitive facts that other approaches cannot. However, Baratgin et al (2015) have raised some criticisms with regard to the way it deals with disjunction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possibilities of Disjunction in the Mental Models Theory

Astorga

2018

prometeica

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Baratgin and colleagues have questioned certain aspects of the mental models theory related to disjunction. It is truth that, from this last theory, the paper authored by Baratgin et al. (2015) has already been responded. However, I try to further develop that response here by insisting in two important points of the theory: the role that modulation plays in it and the clear differences between its framework and standard logic. In this way, my main aim is to support to a larger extent, by means of theoretical arguments based on its general approach, the idea that the objections presented in the mentioned paper do not really impact the mental models theory.Keywords: disjunction; mental models; modulation RESUMEN Baratgin y sus colaboradores han cuestionado ciertos aspectos de la teoría de los modelos mentales relativos a la disyunción. Es cierto que, desde esta última teoría, el trabajo de Baratgin et al. (2015) ya ha sido respondido. No obstante, aquí se trata de desarrollar en mayor medida tal respuesta insistiendo en dos puntos importantes de la teoría: el rol que la modulación desempeña en su seno y las claras diferencias que existen entre su marco y la lógica estándar. En este sentido, el objetivo principal es apoyar aún más, por medio de argumentos teóricos basados en su enfoque general, la idea de que las objeciones presentadas en el trabajo mencionado no tienen un impacto real en la teoría de los modelos mentales.

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“…This in turn leads us to think that maybe a semantic framework such as that of the mental models theory (e.g., Johnson-Laird, 2006, 2012, 2015Johnson-Laird, Khemlani, & Goodwin, 2015;Khemlani, Lotstein, Trafton, & Johnson-Laird, 2015;Khemlani, Orenes, & Johnson-Laird, 2012, 2014 can be a better alternative to explain the real way the human mind works, irrespective of the language spoken by the particular individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Problems of the Mental Logic with the Double Negation: The Necessity of a Semantic Approach

López‐Astorga

2016

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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Abstract. The double negation has always been considered by the logical systems from ancient times to the present. In fact, that is an issue that the current syntactic theories studying human reasoning, for example, the mental logic theory, address today. However, in this paper, I claim that, in the case of some languages such as Spanish, the double negation causes problems for the cognitive theories mainly based on formal schemata and supporting the idea of a universal syntax of thought in the human mind. Thus, I propose that, given those problems, semantic frameworks such as that of the mental models theory seem to be more appropriate for explaining the human inferential activity.

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Negation: A theory of its meaning, representation, and use

Cited by 123 publications

References 66 publications

Can pictures say no or not? Negation and denial in the visual mode

Can pictures say no or not? Negation and denial in the visual mode

The Possibilities of Disjunction in the Mental Models Theory

The Problems of the Mental Logic with the Double Negation: The Necessity of a Semantic Approach

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