Needle coke: A predominant carbon black alternative for printable triple mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

Zhong, Ya; Xu, Liang; Li, Chen; Zhang, Bo; Wu, Wenjun

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2019.07.038

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This slow and random crystallization process leads to a relatively low degree of crystal lattice ordering with conspicuous band tail states or shallow defect states, such as I and MA vacancies . With the aim to enhance hole extraction and transport in these cells, the interface between the carbon film and perovskite has been modified by liquid metal, and the WF has been improved by using needle coke or boron‐doped graphite . Moreover, the crystallization and grain boundary properties of the perovskite absorber have been regulated using molecular additives .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressing Shallow Defect of Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells with a N719@TiO₂ Inorganic–Organic Core–Shell Structured Additive

Shi

et al. 2020

Solar RRL

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressing Shallow Defect of Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells with a N719@TiO₂ Inorganic–Organic Core–Shell Structured Additive

Shi

et al. 2020

Solar RRL

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“…In this respect, alternative counter electrodes, including Al, transparent conductive oxides, Cu, and carbon-based materials, [64,135,136] have been recently investigated. Among these, the low cost, simple fabrication procedures, high optical transmittance, competitive electrical conductivity, excellent stability, and well-matched work functions of carbonaceous materials, particularly graphene and its derivatives, have rendered them with ample potential to replace conventional metal counter electrodes in PSCs.…”

Section: Counter Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Muchuweni

Martincigh

Nyamori

2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Recent advancements in technology have inevitably led to a significant increase in the global energy demand, whose traditional energy sources, such as fossil fuels and nuclear energy, are failing to meet needs due to their nonrenewable nature and consequent depletion. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Moreover, fossil fuels and nuclear energy are major sources of environmental pollution, which is responsible for unfavorable global warming and climate change. [7][8][9] Hence, there has been considerable research interest in sustainable and renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy, due to its natural abundance and environmentally friendly nature. [10][11][12] In this regard, solar energy is most commonly converted into electricity by making use of the first-generation solar cells, i.e., crystalline silicon solar cells, that are now commercially available, with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of above 26% [13,14] and superior environmental stability. [15] However, the largescale production of silicon-based solar cells is restricted by their high production cost, complicated fabrication procedures, rigidity, [16,17] and PCE, which is almost close to the theoretical limit of %29.4%. [18] As a result, the second-generation solar cells, i.e., thin-film solar cells, such as amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells, and cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells, [19][20][21] and the third-generation solar cells, such as organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), [22][23][24][25][26][27] have been developed by using simple and low-cost fabrication procedures. Among these, the thirdgeneration solar cells have gained significant research attention due to an abundance of low-cost materials, solution processability, flexibility, lightweight, environmental friendliness, and ease of scaling-up. [28][29][30][31][32] Interestingly, PSCs are a rising star owing to their recent breakthrough in PCE, which has shown a rapid increase from 3.8% in 2009 [33,34] to %25.5% for the current state-of-the-art PSCs. [35] The superior performance of PSCs is mainly attributed to the exceptional properties of metal halide perovskites, including the large absorption coefficient, direct and tunable bandgap, low exciton binding energy at room temperature, ambipolar charge transport characteristics, high charge carrier mobility, slow recombination kinetics, and long electron-hole diffusion length. [36][37][38][39][40][41] Thus, metal halide perovskites are emerging semiconductor materials, described by the general formula of ABX 3 , where A is a monovalent cation, such as methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 þ ; MA), formamidinium (CH 3 (NH 2 ) 2 þ ; FA), caesium (Cs þ ), or rubidium (Rb þ ); B is a divalent metal cation, such as lead (Pb 2þ ), tin (Sn 2þ ), or germanium (Ge 2þ ); and X is a halide anion, such as iodide (I À ), bromide (Br À ), or chloride (Cl À ).

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“…Needle coke was one of the most important mesophase coke, which was usually used as the raw materials to produce graphite electrode (especially ultra‐high power graphite electrode), 1–5 anode materials for commercial lithium‐ion battery, 6 electrode materials for supercapacitor, 7–10 anode materials for high‐performance sodium‐ion battery, 11 absorbing materials, 12,13 isotropic graphite, 14–16 and other function materials 17–19 . It was generally accepted that the needle coke can be divided into two types according to the different raw sources materials and named as coal‐based needle coke (usually obtained by coal tar pitch) and petroleum‐based needle coke (synthesized from petroleum pitch) 20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of microstructure of coal‐based and petroleum‐based needle coke: Effects of calcination temperature

Zhu

et al. 2021

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Needle coke was recognized as one of the most important precursor to produce ultra‐high power graphite electrode, commercial anode materials for lithium‐ion battery, and special graphite materials. It was generally accepted that the microstructure of needle coke has been acted as a key role on the quality of its derived graphite materials. In this work, four kinds of green needle cokes (coal‐based green needle coke and petroleum‐based green needle coke) have been used as the raw materials to investigate the changes of micro‐structure during the calcination process. The micro‐structure of needle cokes at different calcination temperature has been detailed characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Briefly, the size of carbon crystalline (Lc), the content of graphite carbon (IG/IAll), and the content of regular carbon microcrystals (Ig) in coal‐based needle coke were higher than petroleum‐based needle coke when the calcinations temperature was below 1500°C. What's more, the calcinations temperature of 1400°C is the characteristic temperature of the transition of carbon microcrystalline. In other words, the coal‐based needle coke was easier to graphitization than petroleum‐based needle coke.

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Needle coke: A predominant carbon black alternative for printable triple mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Suppressing Shallow Defect of Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells with a N719@TiO₂ Inorganic–Organic Core–Shell Structured Additive

Suppressing Shallow Defect of Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells with a N719@TiO₂ Inorganic–Organic Core–Shell Structured Additive

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Transformation of microstructure of coal‐based and petroleum‐based needle coke: Effects of calcination temperature

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Needle coke: A predominant carbon black alternative for printable triple mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Suppressing Shallow Defect of Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells with a N719@TiO2 Inorganic–Organic Core–Shell Structured Additive

Suppressing Shallow Defect of Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells with a N719@TiO2 Inorganic–Organic Core–Shell Structured Additive

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Transformation of microstructure of coal‐based and petroleum‐based needle coke: Effects of calcination temperature

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Suppressing Shallow Defect of Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells with a N719@TiO₂ Inorganic–Organic Core–Shell Structured Additive

Suppressing Shallow Defect of Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells with a N719@TiO₂ Inorganic–Organic Core–Shell Structured Additive